Abstract
The development of the plant root system is highly plastic, which allows the plant to adapt to various environmental stresses. Salt stress inhibits root elongation by reducing the size of the root meristem. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether and how auxin and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in salt-mediated inhibition of root meristem growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using physiological, pharmacological, and genetic approaches. We found that salt stress significantly reduced root meristem size by down-regulating the expression of PINFORMED (PIN) genes, thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, salt stress promoted AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17) stabilization, which repressed auxin signaling during this process. Furthermore, salt stress stimulated NO accumulation, whereas blocking NO production with the inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylester compromised the salt-mediated reduction of root meristem size, PIN down-regulation, and stabilization of AXR3/IAA17, indicating that NO is involved in salt-mediated inhibition of root meristem growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that salt stress inhibits root meristem growth by repressing PIN expression (thereby reducing auxin levels) and stabilizing IAA17 (thereby repressing auxin signaling) via increasing NO levels.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced root meristem size.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- root meristem sizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress significantly reduced root meristem size”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress down-regulated PIN gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- PINFORMED (PIN) genese0
- Outcome
- expression of PINFORMED (PIN) genese0
- Direction
- down-regulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress significantly reduced root meristem size by down-regulating the expression of PINFORMED (PIN) genes”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced auxin levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- salt stresst0
- Outcome
- auxin levelse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, salt stress promoted”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress promoted AXR3/IAA17 stabilization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17)e0
- Outcome
- AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17) stabilizatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress promoted AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17) stabilization”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
AXR3/IAA17 stabilization repressed auxin signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17)e1
- Outcome
- auxin signalinge0
- Direction
- repressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which repressed auxin signaling during this process”
e1“salt stress promoted AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17) stabilization”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress stimulated nitric oxide accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- NO accumulatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress stimulated NO accumulation”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking NO production compromised salt-mediated reduction of root meristem size.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylestere0
- Outcome
- salt-mediated reduction of root meristem sizee0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking NO production with the inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylester compromised the salt-mediated reduction of root meristem size”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking NO production compromised salt-mediated PIN down-regulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylestere0
- Gene
- PINe0
- Outcome
- PIN down-regulatione0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking NO production with the inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylester compromised the salt-mediated reduction of root meristem size, PIN down-regulation”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Blocking NO production compromised AXR3/IAA17 stabilization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylestere0
- Gene
- AXR3/IAA17e0
- Outcome
- stabilization of AXR3/IAA17e0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking NO production with the inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylester compromised the salt-mediated reduction of root meristem size, PIN down-regulation, and stabilization of AXR3/IAA17”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that increased NO mediates salt inhibition of root meristem growth through PIN repression and IAA17 stabilization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- root meristem growthe0
- Qualifier
- via increasing NO levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress inhibits root meristem growth by repressing PIN expression (thereby reducing auxin levels) and stabilizing IAA17 (thereby repressing auxin signaling) via increasing NO levels”
t0“Salt Stress Reduces Root Meristem Size by Nitric Oxide-Mediated Modulation of Auxin Accumulation and Signaling in Arabidopsis”
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