Abstract
Low-temperature, nonfreezing, storage induces pitting and necrosis in the flavedo tissue of chilling susceptible citrus fruits. In this study the role of ethylene and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) in the cold-induced citrus peel damage has been investigated. It has been shown that increasing PAL activity by applying ethylene at a nonchilling temperature did not cause fruit damage or reduce the incidence of this peel disorder when fruits were subsequently held at a chilling temperature (2 degrees C). The cold-induced peel damage was enhanced by applying inhibitors of PAL activity and ethylene synthesis and action. These results indicate that the induction of PAL and ethylene during fruit cold storage, but not before, plays a role in reducing the development of chilling symptoms. The cold-induced PAL activity was reduced by inhibitors of ethylene production, but inhibitors of ethylene action exerted little effect on the activation of this enzyme. Therefore, the activation of PAL may be dependent on ethylene but also an independent cold signal apparently related to the cold-induced peel damage.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene induced PAL at nonchilling temperature without causing peel damage.
Verbatim
e0“increasing PAL activity by applying ethylene at a nonchilling temperature did not cause fruit damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene pretreatment did not reduce subsequent chilling peel disorder.
Verbatim
e0“increasing PAL activity by applying ethylene at a nonchilling temperature did not cause fruit damage or reduce the incidence of this peel disorder when fruits were subsequently held at a chilling temperature (2 degrees C).”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL activity inhibitors enhanced cold induced peel damage.
Verbatim
e0“The cold-induced peel damage was enhanced by applying inhibitors of PAL activity and ethylene synthesis and action.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene synthesis and action inhibitors enhanced cold induced peel damage.
Verbatim
e0“The cold-induced peel damage was enhanced by applying inhibitors of PAL activity and ethylene synthesis and action.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production inhibitors reduced cold induced PAL activity.
- Treatment
- inhibitors of ethylene productione0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- cold-inducede0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cold-induced PAL activity was reduced by inhibitors of ethylene production”
e1“citrus fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene action inhibitors had little effect on PAL activation.
- Treatment
- inhibitors of ethylene actione0
- Outcome
- activation of this enzymee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- activation of this enzymee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibitors of ethylene action exerted little effect on the activation of this enzyme.”
e1“citrus fruits”
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.