Abstract
Abstract Iron chlorosis occur in grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and other Fe‐inefficient crops on calcareous soils in spots throughout the Great Plains. Economical control of Fe deficiency in these crops will allow them to be grown in places where they are otherwise not adapted. Grain sorghum (‘Dekalb E‐59’) and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. ‘Hybrid 896’) crops were grown on Arch fine sandy loam (Ustochreptic Calciorthid of the fineloamy, mixed thermic family) to compare their growth on calcareous soil and to study the effects of soil treatments with beef feedlot manure (11 and 33 metric tons of dry matter/ha), and inorganic N, P, and Fe (168‐56‐22) kg/ha) fertilizer. Sunflower seed yield was not changed significantly by any of the treatments. In 1977, the second year of the study, sorghum grain yield where N + P was applied was about half that of the check plot. However, in 1978 forage yield was reduced only about 10% below the check by N + P. Iron‐deficiency symptoms in sorghum were very severe on both check and N + P treatments; many sorghum plants died and others did not produce heads. When 22 kg/ha Fe was added with the N + P, grain yield was increased 66% over the check in 1977, and forage yield was twice that of check in 1978. Sorghum grain yield where manure was applied was three times the yield on check Plots in 1977, indicating that manure keeps both Fe and P available for use by grain sorghum on calcareous soil. The study also showed that sunflower is not highly sensitive to iron deficiency and could serve as an alternative crop for iron‐deficient soils.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower seed yield was not significantly changed by any of the soil treatments.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- treatmentse1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- not changede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth”
e1“Sunflower seed yield was not changed significantly by any of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum grain yield where N + P was applied was about half that of the check plot in 1977.
- Treatment
- N + P was appliede2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- about half that ofe2
- Qualifier
- In 1977e2
- Comparator
- the check plote2
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth”
e2“In 1977, the second year of the study, sorghum grain yield where N + P was applied was about half that of the check plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 22 kg/ha Fe with N + P increased sorghum grain yield 66% over the check in 1977.
- Treatment
- 22 kg/ha Fe was added with the N + Pe3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 66%e3
- Comparator
- the checke3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth”
e3“When 22 kg/ha Fe was added with the N + P, grain yield was increased 66% over the check in 1977”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 22 kg/ha Fe with N + P roughly doubled sorghum forage yield relative to the check in 1978.
- Treatment
- 22 kg/ha Fe was added with the N + Pe3
- Outcome
- forage yielde4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Value
- twicee4
- Comparator
- checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth”
e3“When 22 kg/ha Fe was added with the N + P”
e4“forage yield was twice that of check in 1978”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum grain yield where manure was applied was three times the yield on check plots in 1977.
- Treatment
- manure was appliede5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- three timese5
- Value
- three timese5
- Comparator
- check Plotse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Sorghum grain yield where manure was applied was three times the yield on check Plots in 1977”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure appears to keep both Fe and P available for use by grain sorghum on calcareous soil.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore6 - Treatment
- manuree6
- Compound
- Fe and Pe6
- Outcome
- available for usee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“indicating that manure keeps both Fe and P available for use by grain sorghum on calcareous soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower is not highly sensitive to iron deficiency.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse7
- Outcome
- sensitive to iron deficiencye7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“sunflower is not highly sensitive to iron deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower could serve as an alternative crop for iron-deficient soils.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- alternative crop for iron‐deficient soilse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth”
e7“could serve as an alternative crop for iron‐deficient soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-deficiency symptoms in sorghum were very severe on both the check and N + P treatments.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Iron‐deficiency symptoms in sorghum were very severe on both check and N + P treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Many sorghum plants died under iron deficiency.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“many sorghum plants died”
Claim · model-written summary
Other sorghum plants did not produce heads.
- Outcome
- produce headse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth”
e7“others did not produce heads”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1978 forage yield was reduced only about 10% below the check by N + P.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth”
e7“in 1978 forage yield was reduced only about 10% below the check by N + P”
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