Abstract
Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed. Despite an overall similarity in developmental characteristics between these embryogenic cultures, distinct expression patterns of extracellular proteins and glycoproteins were observed. Ammonium, when supplied as the sole source of nitrogen, caused acidification of the culture medium and significantly reduced protein secretion. Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing medium restored extracellular protein secretion and glycosylation and an enhanced cell aggregation but not the development of later embryo stages. As revealed by Concavalin A (Con A) immunodetection, extracellular glycoproteins containing α-D-mannose and α-D-glucose were most abundant in proembryogenic cultures grown in a buffered ammonium-containing medium and in a medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). We assume that extracellular proteins (Mr 28, 31, and 44 kDa) and Con Abinding glycoproteins (Mr 26, 30, 40, 53, and 100 kDa) found in both proembryogenic cultures may have a role during somatic embryogenesis induction. The glycan components of proteins were further characterized by affinity blotting with different lectins. Binding patterns of mannose-specific lectin from Galanthus nivalis partially correlated with those detected with Con A, whereas no signal was observed with lectins from Datura stramonium and Arachis hypogea regardless of the treatment applied. Results indicate that complex N- or O-glycans are not typical for early phases of pumpkin embryo development. The accumulation of extracellular glycoproteins with high-mannose-type glycans from 30 to 34 kDa, observed after the transfer from the ammonium- or 2,4-D-containing media into a maturation medium, appeared to be associated with development of later embryo stages. This study also revealed the presence of EP-3-like endochitinases in pumpkin embryogenic cultures, particularly in cultures grown in the buffered ammonium-containing medium, however, these proteins should be examined further.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium as the sole nitrogen source significantly reduced extracellular protein secretion in pumpkin somatic embryogenic cultures.
- Taxon
- pumpkine0
- Treatment
- Ammonium, when supplied as the sole source of nitrogene1
- Outcome
- protein secretione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e1“Ammonium, when supplied as the sole source of nitrogen, caused acidification of the culture medium and significantly reduced protein secretion”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium as the sole nitrogen source caused acidification of the culture medium of pumpkin somatic embryogenic cultures.
- Taxon
- pumpkine0
- Treatment
- Ammonium, when supplied as the sole source of nitrogene1
- Outcome
- acidification of the culture mediume1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e1“Ammonium, when supplied as the sole source of nitrogen, caused acidification of the culture medium and significantly reduced protein secretion”
Claim · model-written summary
Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing medium restored extracellular protein secretion and glycosylation in pumpkin embryogenic cultures.
- Taxon
- pumpkine0
- Treatment
- Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing mediume2
- Outcome
- extracellular protein secretion and glycosylatione2
- Direction
- restorede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e2“Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing medium restored extracellular protein secretion and glycosylation and an enhanced cell aggregation but not the development of later embryo stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing medium enhanced cell aggregation in pumpkin embryogenic cultures.
- Taxon
- pumpkine0
- Treatment
- Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing mediume2
- Outcome
- cell aggregatione2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e2“Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing medium restored extracellular protein secretion and glycosylation and an enhanced cell aggregation but not the development of later embryo stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing medium did not restore the development of later embryo stages in pumpkin.
- Taxon
- pumpkine0
- Treatment
- Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing mediume2
- Outcome
- development of later embryo stagese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e2“Buffering pH in the ammonium-containing medium restored extracellular protein secretion and glycosylation and an enhanced cell aggregation but not the development of later embryo stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracellular glycoproteins containing α-D-mannose and α-D-glucose were most abundant in proembryogenic cultures of pumpkin grown in buffered ammonium-containing medium and in 2,4-D medium.
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e3“As revealed by Concavalin A (Con A) immunodetection, extracellular glycoproteins containing α-D-mannose and α-D-glucose were most abundant in proembryogenic cultures grown in a buffered ammonium-containing medium and in a medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)”
Claim · model-written summary
Binding patterns of the Galanthus nivalis mannose-specific lectin partially correlated with Con A-detected binding in pumpkin.
- Taxon
- pumpkine0
- Outcome
- binding patterns of mannose-specific lectin from Galanthus nivalise4
- Comparator
- Con Ae4
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e4“Binding patterns of mannose-specific lectin from Galanthus nivalis partially correlated with those detected with Con A, whereas no signal was observed with lectins from Datura stramonium and Arachis hypogea regardless of the treatment applied”
Claim · model-written summary
No signal was observed with Datura stramonium and Arachis hypogea lectins in pumpkin embryogenic cultures, regardless of the treatment applied.
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e4“Binding patterns of mannose-specific lectin from Galanthus nivalis partially correlated with those detected with Con A, whereas no signal was observed with lectins from Datura stramonium and Arachis hypogea regardless of the treatment applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Complex N- or O-glycans are not typical for early phases of pumpkin embryo development.
- Taxon
- pumpkine5
- Organ / stage
- early phases of pumpkin embryo developmente5
- Outcome
- complex N- or O-glycanse5
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e5“Results indicate that complex N- or O-glycans are not typical for early phases of pumpkin embryo development”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulation of extracellular glycoproteins with high-mannose-type glycans from 30 to 34 kDa after transfer to maturation medium appeared to be associated with development of later pumpkin embryo stages.
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e6“The accumulation of extracellular glycoproteins with high-mannose-type glycans from 30 to 34 kDa, observed after the transfer from the ammonium- or 2,4-D-containing media into a maturation medium, appeared to be associated with development of later embryo stages”
Claim · model-written summary
EP-3-like endochitinases were present in pumpkin embryogenic cultures, particularly in cultures grown in the buffered ammonium-containing medium.
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e7“This study also revealed the presence of EP-3-like endochitinases in pumpkin embryogenic cultures, particularly in cultures grown in the buffered ammonium-containing medium, however, these proteins should be examined further”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracellular proteins and Con A-binding glycoproteins found in both proembryogenic cultures may have a role in somatic embryogenesis induction in pumpkin.
Verbatim
e0“Extracellular proteins and glycoproteins secreted by ammonium- or auxin-induced somatic embryogenic cultures of pumpkin were analyzed”
e1“We assume that extracellular proteins (Mr 28, 31, and 44 kDa) and Con Abinding glycoproteins (Mr 26, 30, 40, 53, and 100 kDa) found in both proembryogenic cultures may have a role during somatic embryogenesis induction”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.