Abstract
1. Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings were treated by immersing their bases in water, 0.002 per cent, or 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acid for 3 hours. They were then set in quartz sand contained in 4 inch clay pots. The pots were systematically distributed on each of two greenhouse benches which were then inclosed by glass to maintain a relatively high humidity. Cuttings were harvested 5 days after treatment and every second day thereafter until 15 days had elapsed. Each sample was divided into roots, hypocotyls, first internodes, primary leaves and petioles, and tips. Fresh weight, dry weight, total and insoluble nitrogen, reducing sugars, and sucrose were determined for each sample. 2. Treatment with 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acid significantly increased the weight of the hypocotyls and roots over the corresponding portions of the controls until the thirteenth day after treatment. The same treatment significantly decreased the growth of the first internode throughout the course of the experiment and also the growth of the tips, and the difference became statistically significant on the ninth day and remained approximately constant through the rest of the experiment. Treatment with even a strong solution (0.01 per cent) of acid did not appreciably affect the dry weight of the primary leaves. Weak treatment (0.002 per cent) caused slight growth responses that were qualitatively like the strong treatment but statistically insignificantly different from the controls. Neither the weak nor the strong treatment increased the weight of the whole plant above that of the control. 3. During the rooting process nitrogen was transported from the leaves to the first internodes and hypocotyls, the strong treatment being by far the most effective in increasing the amount mobilized. This nitrogen was subsequently translocated to other portions of the cuttings. In the case of cuttings treated with 0.01 per cent acid, a large amount of this mobilized nitrogen was temporarily deposited in the hypocotyls in an insoluble form, but it was subsequently translocated to other portions of the cuttings. Since all of this accumulated nitrogen subsequently disappeared, it is evident that the treatment stimulated the proteolytic enzymatic activity of the cuttings. 4. Application of nutrient solution after the cuttings were rooted increased their nitrogen content by about 35 per cent. The larger number of roots induced as a result of treatment resulted in the uptake of only a slightly greater amount of nitrogen and inorganic substances than were absorbed by the controls. 5. The treatment of cuttings with 0.002 per cent acid resulted in slightly greater accumulation of sugars than in the controls at the end of the experiment. Treatment with 0.01 per cent acid significantly reduced the sugar content of cuttings below that of controls at all times. No starch was present at any time in the roots, leaves, or tips, and only traces in the hypocotyls and first internodes. Interpretation of the carbohydrate metabolism in relation to growth requires further information as to the effect of the acid on the rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and enzymatic activity.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Strong acid treatment increased hypocotyl weight significantly until day 13.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlings
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Treatment
- 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acide0
- Outcome
- weight of the hypocotylse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- until the thirteenth day after treatmente0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acid significantly increased the weight of the hypocotyls and roots over the corresponding portions of the controls until the thirteenth day after treatment.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong acid treatment increased root weight significantly until day 13.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acide0
- Outcome
- weight of the hypocotyls and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acid significantly increased the weight of the hypocotyls and roots over the corresponding portions of the controls until the thirteenth day after treatment.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong acid treatment decreased first internode growth throughout the experiment.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acide1
- Outcome
- growth of the first internodee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same treatment significantly decreased the growth of the first internode throughout the course of the experiment”
e1“Treatment with 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acid”
e2“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong acid treatment decreased tip growth, significantly from day nine.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acide1
- Outcome
- growth of the tipse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- on the ninth daye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the growth of the first internode throughout the course of the experiment and also the growth of the tips, and the difference became statistically significant on the ninth day”
e1“Treatment with 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acid”
e2“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong acid did not appreciably affect primary leaf dry weight.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- strong solution (0.01 per cent) of acide0
- Outcome
- dry weight of the primary leavese0
- Direction
- did not appreciably affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with even a strong solution (0.01 per cent) of acid did not appreciably affect the dry weight of the primary leaves.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Weak acid caused slight growth responses that were statistically insignificant versus controls.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Weak treatment (0.002 per cent)e0
- Outcome
- slight growth responsese0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weak treatment (0.002 per cent) caused slight growth responses that were qualitatively like the strong treatment but statistically insignificantly different from the controls.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither acid dose increased whole plant weight over control.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- weak nor the strong treatmente0
- Outcome
- weight of the whole plante0
- Direction
- Neithere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither the weak nor the strong treatment increased the weight of the whole plant above that of the control.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen moved from leaves to internodes and hypocotyls during rooting.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- nitrogen was transported from the leaves to the first internodes and hypocotylse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the rooting process nitrogen was transported from the leaves to the first internodes and hypocotyls”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong acid treatment most increased mobilized nitrogen.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acide1
- Outcome
- amount mobilizede0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strong treatment being by far the most effective in increasing the amount mobilized”
e1“Treatment with 0.01 per cent indoleacetic acid”
e2“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mobilized nitrogen in strongly treated cuttings was temporarily deposited insolubly in hypocotyls and later moved elsewhere.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- mobilized nitrogen was temporarily deposited in the hypocotyls in an insoluble forme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a large amount of this mobilized nitrogen was temporarily deposited in the hypocotyls in an insoluble form, but it was subsequently translocated to other portions of the cuttings.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred stimulation of proteolytic activity by treatment.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- the treatmente0
- Outcome
- proteolytic enzymatic activity of the cuttingse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is evident that the treatment stimulated the proteolytic enzymatic activity of the cuttings.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution increased nitrogen content by about 35 per cent.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Application of nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nutrient solution after the cuttings were rooted increased their nitrogen content by about 35 per cent.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment induced roots that led to only slightly greater nitrogen and inorganic uptake.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- uptake of only a slightly greater amount of nitrogen and inorganic substancese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The larger number of roots induced as a result of treatment resulted in the uptake of only a slightly greater amount of nitrogen and inorganic substances than were absorbed by the controls.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Weak acid caused slightly greater sugar accumulation at experiment end.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 0.002 per cent acide0
- Outcome
- accumulation of sugarse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of cuttings with 0.002 per cent acid resulted in slightly greater accumulation of sugars than in the controls at the end of the experiment.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong acid significantly reduced cutting sugar content at all times.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 0.01 per cent acide0
- Outcome
- sugar content of cuttingse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 0.01 per cent acid significantly reduced the sugar content of cuttings below that of controls at all times.”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch was absent from roots, leaves, and tips.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- No starch was present at any time in the roots, leaves, or tipse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No starch was present at any time in the roots, leaves, or tips”
e1“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Only traces of starch occurred in hypocotyls and first internodes.
- Taxon
- kidney bean seedlingsPhaseolus vulgarise2
- Outcome
- only traces in the hypocotyls and first internodese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only traces in the hypocotyls and first internodes”
e1“No starch was present at any time in the roots, leaves, or tips, and only traces in the hypocotyls and first internodes.”
e2“Cuttings of kidney bean seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
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See all 32 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
61 papers more in this group
See all 65 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.