Paper · 2005 · Journal of Sustainable Agriculture

Effect of Insecticide Spray Applications, Sowing Dates and Cultivar Resistance on Insect Pests of Cowpea in the Delmarva Region of the United States

I. Javaid; R. B. Dadson; F. M. Hashem; et al.

7
claims
10
verbatim quotes
9
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

ABSTRACT Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of insecticide spray applications, sowing dates and cultivar resistance in diverse cowpea genotypes in the Delmarva (Delaware, Maryland and Virginia) peninsula region of the United States. A mixture of cypermethrin and dimethoate was applied in the first experiment and the number of spray applications ranged from two to six. The second experiment had two sowing date treatments and received four spray applications of endosulfan. Also, ten genotypes of cowpea were planted and observations were taken on the incidence of major insect pests and pod damage. There was a 30% increase in cowpea seed yield as a result of spraying the mixture of cypermethrin + dimethoate insecticides. The damage to cowpea pods was also significantly reduced in the sprayed treatments. The first and second sowing dates of cowpea sprayed treatments gave 30% and 45% increase in the seed yield over the first and second unsprayed dates of sowing cowpea treatments, respectively. The first sowing date treatment gave significantly higher seed yield than the second sowing date treatments. There were significant differences in the number of some major insect pests and also on pod damage among the ten diverse cowpea genotypes grown under the Delmarva field conditions. This study provides information on the incidence of insect pests of cowpea in the Delmarva region, the potential of insect pests to cause significant yield losses, and variation in insect pest resistance among ten diverse cowpea genotypes.

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cypermethrin plus dimethoate spraying increased cowpea seed yield by 30%.

Treatment
spraying the mixture of cypermethrin + dimethoate insecticidese0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
increasee0
Value
30%e0
Setting
Delmarvat0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There was a 30% increase in cowpea seed yield as a result of spraying the mixture of cypermethrin + dimethoate insecticides”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 620–743 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cowpea in the Delmarva Region”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–127 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying significantly reduced cowpea pod damage.

Treatment
sprayed treatmentse0
Outcome
damage to cowpea podse0
Direction
reducede0
Setting
Delmarvat0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The damage to cowpea pods was also significantly reduced in the sprayed treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 745–827 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cowpea in the Delmarva Region”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–127 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying at the first sowing date increased cowpea seed yield by 30% over the unsprayed first date.

Treatment
firste0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
increasee0
Value
30%e0
Comparator
first and second unsprayed dates of sowing cowpea treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The first and second sowing dates of cowpea sprayed treatments gave 30% and 45% increase in the seed yield over the first and second unsprayed dates of sowing cowpea treatments, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–1019 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spraying at the second sowing date increased cowpea seed yield by 45% over the unsprayed second date.

Treatment
second sowing dates of cowpea sprayed treatmentse0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
increasee0
Value
45%e0
Comparator
first and second unsprayed dates of sowing cowpea treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The first and second sowing dates of cowpea sprayed treatments gave 30% and 45% increase in the seed yield over the first and second unsprayed dates of sowing cowpea treatments, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–1019 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

First sowing gave significantly higher seed yield than second sowing.

Treatment
first sowing date treatmente0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
second sowing date treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The first sowing date treatment gave significantly higher seed yield than the second sowing date treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1021–1128 · show in text ↑
t0

“Cowpea in the Delmarva Region”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 98–127 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Numbers of some major insect pests differed significantly among ten cowpea genotypes.

Material
ten diverse cowpea genotypese0
Outcome
number of some major insect pestse0
Setting
Delmarva field conditionse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There were significant differences in the number of some major insect pests and also on pod damage among the ten diverse cowpea genotypes grown under the Delmarva field conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1130–1309 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Pod damage differed significantly among ten cowpea genotypes.

Material
ten diverse cowpea genotypese0
Outcome
pod damagee0
Setting
Delmarva field conditionse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata · TaxonHeraldDesa at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There were significant differences in the number of some major insect pests and also on pod damage among the ten diverse cowpea genotypes grown under the Delmarva field conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1130–1309 · show in text ↑

dimethoate · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 7 positive, 1 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

cypermethrin · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

application · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 16 positive, 3 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

insecticide · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

28 papers: 24 positive, 4 negative or no effect

23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

24 papers more in this group

See all 28 papers →

sowing time · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

31 papers: 18 positive, 13 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

27 papers more in this group

See all 31 papers →

application · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results

126 papers: 112 positive, 14 negative or no effect

111 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

122 papers more in this group

See all 126 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.