Abstract
Chemical permeabilization has been widely studied for the release useful metabolites from many types of plant cells and tissues. In this study, the effect of 0-30% (v/v) of aqueous methanol solutions were used to permeabilize soybeans for the release of two isoflavonoids: daidzein and genistein. The release of these metabolites increases with increasing methanol concentrations. The amounts of daidzein and genistein released can increase up to 40- and 86-fold, respectively, when incubated in a 30% (v/v) methanol solution for 24 h compared with those incubated with water only. The effect of methanol on the release rates is primarily due to an increase in solubility of the stored daidzein and genistein (14- to 18-fold) inside the seeds, thus maximizing the concentration gradients for metabolite release. However, the viability of the seeds dropped with increase in methanol concentrations and the incubation time. The viability of soybeans (indicated by their ability to germinate) after permeabilization treatment with 0-20% (v/v) methanol solutions was maintained above 80% throughout the 24 h, whereas no seeds were found to be viable when 30% (v/v) methanol solution was used. The permeability coefficients (P) of daidzein and genistein were found to increase as the methanol concentration used was increased. These P values were estimated to range from 1.1 x 10(-)(9) to 1.9 x 10(-)(8) m/s and 1.0 x 10(-)(9) to 1.7 x 10(-)(8) m/s, respectively. The increase in P can be attributed primarily to an increase in the partition coefficient of the metabolites in the soybean seedcoats. An empirical correlation is proposed in which the log P values are described as a function of the metabolite molecular weights and the partition coefficients of the metabolites between octanol and water, K(oct/water), which was modified to include the effect of methanol present. Knowledge obtained from this study will help provide useful selection criteria for chemical permeabilization of plant tissues, such as seeds, with minimal loss in their viability.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Daidzein release increased with methanol concentration, up to 40-fold at 30% for 24 h versus water.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- 30% (v/v) methanol solution for 24 he0
- Outcome
- daidzeine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 40-e0
- Comparator
- water onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of daidzein and genistein released can increase up to 40- and 86-fold, respectively, when incubated in a 30% (v/v) methanol solution for 24 h compared with those incubated with water only”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genistein release increased with methanol concentration, up to 86-fold at 30% for 24 h versus water.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 30% (v/v) methanol solution for 24 he0
- Outcome
- genisteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 86-folde0
- Comparator
- water onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of daidzein and genistein released can increase up to 40- and 86-fold, respectively, when incubated in a 30% (v/v) methanol solution for 24 h compared with those incubated with water only”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol increased solubility of stored daidzein and genistein by 14- to 18-fold.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Outcome
- solubility of the stored daidzein and genisteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14- to 18-folde0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in solubility of the stored daidzein and genistein (14- to 18-fold) inside the seeds”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed viability declined with higher methanol concentration and longer incubation.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- methanol concentrations and the incubation timee0
- Outcome
- viability of the seedse0
- Direction
- droppede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the viability of the seeds dropped with increase in methanol concentrations and the incubation time”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0–20% methanol soybean viability stayed above 80% through 24 h.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 0-20% (v/v) methanol solutionse0
- Outcome
- viability of soybeanse0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Value
- above 80%e0
- Qualifier
- throughout the 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The viability of soybeans (indicated by their ability to germinate) after permeabilization treatment with 0-20% (v/v) methanol solutions was maintained above 80% throughout the 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
No seeds remained viable after treatment with 30% methanol.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 30% (v/v) methanol solutione0
- Outcome
- seeds were found to be viablee0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no seeds were found to be viable when 30% (v/v) methanol solution was used”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Daidzein permeability coefficient increased with methanol concentration and ranged from 1.1 x 10(-)(9) to 1.9 x 10(-)(8) m/s.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- methanol concentratione0
- Outcome
- permeability coefficients (P) of daidzeine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.1 x 10(-)(9) to 1.9 x 10(-)(8) m/se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The permeability coefficients (P) of daidzein and genistein were found to increase as the methanol concentration used was increased. These P values were estimated to range from 1.1 x 10(-)(9) to 1.9 x 10(-)(8) m/s and 1.0 x 10(-)(9) to 1.7 x 10(-)(8) m/s, respectively”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Genistein permeability coefficient increased with methanol concentration and ranged from 1.0 x 10(-)(9) to 1.7 x 10(-)(8) m/s.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- methanol concentratione0
- Outcome
- genisteine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1.0 x 10(-)(9) to 1.7 x 10(-)(8) m/se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The permeability coefficients (P) of daidzein and genistein were found to increase as the methanol concentration used was increased. These P values were estimated to range from 1.1 x 10(-)(9) to 1.9 x 10(-)(8) m/s and 1.0 x 10(-)(9) to 1.7 x 10(-)(8) m/s, respectively”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased permeability was attributed mainly to higher metabolite partition coefficients in soybean seedcoats.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- increase in Pe0
- Qualifier
- increase in the partition coefficient of the metabolites in the soybean seedcoatse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in P can be attributed primarily to an increase in the partition coefficient of the metabolites in the soybean seedcoats”
Claim · model-written summary
An empirical correlation described log P from metabolite molecular weights and modified octanol-water partition coefficients.
- Taxon
- Soybeans (Glycine max)Glycine maxt0
- Outcome
- log P valuese0
- Comparator
- metabolite molecular weights and the partition coefficients of the metabolites between octanol and watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An empirical correlation is proposed in which the log P values are described as a function of the metabolite molecular weights and the partition coefficients of the metabolites between octanol and water, K(oct/water), which was modified to include the effect of methanol present”
t0“Soybeans (Glycine max)”
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methanol · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.