Abstract
Documented increases in global atmospheric CO 2 concentration have stimulated interest in the direct effects of CO 2 on plant growth and yield as well as the interactive effects of CO 2 with other major climatic variables. This study was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of CO 2 concentration and air temperature on the development, growth, total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC), and final seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Bragg] grown season‐long in naturally lit, controlled‐environment chambers. Day/night air temperatures of 26/19, 31/24, and 36/29 °C were maintained in CO 2 treatments of 330 and 660 μmol CO 2 mol −1 air. Both CO 2 enrichment and increasing air temperature decreased main stem plastochron interval, while increasing air temperature increased final main stem node number. Leaf area and above‐ground biomass increased with CO 2 enrichment and with temperature from 26/19 °C to 31/24 °C. The nonlinear increase with temperature in leaf area, aboveground biomass, and plastochron interval was attributed to the highest temperature treatment being near or above the optimum for soybean growth and development. Seed yield increased with CO 2 enrichment due mainly to an increase in seed number rather than weight per seed. Individual seed weight decreased, while seed number increased with increasing temperature. Leaflet TNC displayed large diurnal variations, while stem TNC was relatively stable throughout the day. Stem TNC was less affected by CO 2 than by temperature treatment and decreased with increasing temperature. These results indicate that the response of soybean to elevated CO 2 concentration is highly temperature dependent.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment decreased the main stem plastochron interval.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- CO 2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- main stem plastochron intervale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both CO 2 enrichment and increasing air temperature decreased main stem plastochron interval”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing air temperature decreased the main stem plastochron interval.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- main stem plastochron intervale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both CO 2 enrichment and increasing air temperature decreased main stem plastochron interval”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing air temperature increased final main stem node number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing air temperaturee0
- Outcome
- final main stem node numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing air temperature increased final main stem node number”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment increased leaf area and above-ground biomass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- Leaf area and above‐ground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area and above‐ground biomass increased with CO 2 enrichment”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming from 26/19 °C to 31/24 °C increased leaf area and above-ground biomass.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperature from 26/19 °C to 31/24 °Ce0
- Outcome
- Leaf area and above‐ground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 26/19 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf area and above‐ground biomass increased with CO 2 enrichment and with temperature from 26/19 °C to 31/24 °C”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest temperature was near or above the optimum for soybean growth and development, explaining nonlinear responses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- nonlinear increase with temperature in leaf area, aboveground biomass, and plastochron intervale0
- Qualifier
- highest temperature treatment being near or above the optimume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nonlinear increase with temperature in leaf area, aboveground biomass, and plastochron interval was attributed to the highest temperature treatment being near or above the optimum for soybean growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 enrichment increased seed yield, mainly through seed number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 enrichmente0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increase in seed number rather than weight per seede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield increased with CO 2 enrichment due mainly to an increase in seed number rather than weight per seed”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing temperature decreased individual seed weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Individual seed weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual seed weight decreased, while seed number increased with increasing temperature”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing temperature increased seed number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- seed numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual seed weight decreased, while seed number increased with increasing temperature”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaflet TNC varied substantially over the day.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- Leaflete0
- Outcome
- Leaflet TNCe0
- Qualifier
- large diurnal variationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaflet TNC displayed large diurnal variations”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem TNC was relatively stable throughout the day.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- stem TNCe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem TNC was relatively stable throughout the day”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature treatment affected stem TNC more than CO2 treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperature treatmente0
- Outcome
- Stem TNCe0
- Comparator
- CO 2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem TNC was less affected by CO 2 than by temperature treatment”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem TNC decreased with increasing temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Stem TNCe1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased with increasing temperature”
t0“Response of Soybean to Air Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentration”
e1“Stem TNC was less affected by CO 2 than by temperature treatment and decreased with increasing temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean response to elevated CO2 depended strongly on temperature.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- response of soybean to elevated CO 2 concentratione0
- Qualifier
- highly temperature dependente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of soybean to elevated CO 2 concentration is highly temperature dependent”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
85 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
92 papers more in this group
See all 96 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.