Abstract
Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds accumulate sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and lesser amounts of galactopinitol A, galactopinitol B and fagopyritol B1 in axis and cotyledon tissues as part of the seed maturation process. Somatic embryos appear to be deficient in D-pinitol and galactopinitols, indicating a lack of synthesis by embryo tissues in vitro . Isolated immature soybean zygotic embryos were fed myo -inositol, D-pinitol, D- chiro -inositol and sucrose, individually and in combination, to evaluate the role of substrate availability on galactosyl cyclitol accumulation during precocious maturation. Feeding myo -inositol transiently doubled galactinol accumulation with little effect on other soluble carbohydrates. Feeding D-pinitol increased free D-pinitol 8-fold, galactopinitol A 4.5-fold and galactopinitol B 4.2-fold. Stachyose concentration was 2-fold higher in cotyledons after feeding D-pinitol than after feeding D- chiro -inositol. Feeding D- chiro -inositol increased fagopyritol B1 17-fold in the axis and 7-fold in the cotyledons, but did not increase other soluble carbohydrates. Feeding D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositol together reduced uptake of D- chiro -inositol and steady-state accumulation of galactinol and galactopinitols by 50%, compared to feeding D-pinitol alone. Increasing sucrose concentration from 0 to 200 mM had no effect. Recombinant soybean galactinol synthase, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli , catalysed the synthesis of fagopyritol B1 and galactinol, but not galactopinitols. These results were consistent with the following interpretations: D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositol were transported from maternal tissues and not synthesized in the embryo, D- chiro -inositol uptake into embryos may be reduced by D-pinitol, fagopyritol B1 was synthesized by galactinol synthase while galactopinitols were not, and fagopyritol B1 and galactopinitols accumulated in response to the supply of free D- chiro -inositol and D-pinitol to embryos.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seeds accumulate sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and smaller amounts of galactopinitols and fagopyritol B1.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and lesser amounts of galactopinitol A, galactopinitol B and fagopyritol B1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds accumulate sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and lesser amounts of galactopinitol A, galactopinitol B and fagopyritol B1 in axis and cotyledon tissues as part of the seed maturation process”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Somatic embryos appear deficient in D-pinitol and galactopinitols.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- Somatic embryose0
- Outcome
- deficient in D-pinitol and galactopinitolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Somatic embryos appear to be deficient in D-pinitol and galactopinitols”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding myo-inositol transiently doubled galactinol accumulation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding myo -inositole0
- Outcome
- galactinol accumulatione0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding myo -inositol transiently doubled galactinol accumulation with little effect on other soluble carbohydrates”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Feeding myo-inositol had little effect on other soluble carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding myo -inositole0
- Outcome
- other soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding myo -inositol transiently doubled galactinol accumulation with little effect on other soluble carbohydrates”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
D-pinitol feeding increased free D-pinitol eightfold.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding D-pinitole0
- Outcome
- free D-pinitole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D-pinitol increased free D-pinitol 8-fold, galactopinitol A 4.5-fold and galactopinitol B 4.2-fold”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
D-pinitol feeding increased galactopinitol A 4.5-fold.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding D-pinitole0
- Outcome
- galactopinitol Ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D-pinitol increased free D-pinitol 8-fold, galactopinitol A 4.5-fold and galactopinitol B 4.2-fold”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
D-pinitol feeding increased galactopinitol B 4.2-fold.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding D-pinitole0
- Outcome
- galactopinitol Be0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.2-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D-pinitol increased free D-pinitol 8-fold, galactopinitol A 4.5-fold and galactopinitol B 4.2-fold”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon stachyose was twofold higher after D-pinitol than D-chiro-inositol feeding.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- feeding D-pinitole0
- Outcome
- Stachyose concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2-folde0
- Comparator
- feeding D- chiro -inositole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stachyose concentration was 2-fold higher in cotyledons after feeding D-pinitol than after feeding D- chiro -inositol”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
D-chiro-inositol feeding increased axis fagopyritol B1 17-fold.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- axise0
- Treatment
- Feeding D- chiro -inositole0
- Outcome
- fagopyritol B1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D- chiro -inositol increased fagopyritol B1 17-fold in the axis and 7-fold in the cotyledons”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
D-chiro-inositol feeding increased cotyledon fagopyritol B1 sevenfold.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- Feeding D- chiro -inositole0
- Outcome
- fagopyritol B1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D- chiro -inositol increased fagopyritol B1 17-fold in the axis and 7-fold in the cotyledons”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
D-chiro-inositol feeding did not increase other soluble carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding D- chiro -inositole0
- Outcome
- other soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D- chiro -inositol increased fagopyritol B1 17-fold in the axis and 7-fold in the cotyledons, but did not increase other soluble carbohydrates”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol feeding reduced D-chiro-inositol uptake relative to D-pinitol alone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositol togethere0
- Outcome
- uptake of D- chiro -inositole0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- feeding D-pinitol alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositol together reduced uptake of D- chiro -inositol and steady-state accumulation of galactinol and galactopinitols by 50%, compared to feeding D-pinitol alone”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined feeding reduced steady-state galactinol and galactopinitol accumulation by 50% relative to D-pinitol alone.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Feeding D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositol togethere0
- Outcome
- steady-state accumulation of galactinol and galactopinitolse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- feeding D-pinitol alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Feeding D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositol together reduced uptake of D- chiro -inositol and steady-state accumulation of galactinol and galactopinitols by 50%, compared to feeding D-pinitol alone”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing sucrose concentration from zero to 200 mM had no effect.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Increasing sucrose concentration from 0 to 200 mMe0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing sucrose concentration from 0 to 200 mM had no effect”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant soybean galactinol synthase catalyzed fagopyritol B1 synthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- galactinol synthasee0
- Outcome
- synthesis of fagopyritol B1 and galactinole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recombinant soybean galactinol synthase, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli , catalysed the synthesis of fagopyritol B1 and galactinol, but not galactopinitols”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant soybean galactinol synthase did not catalyze galactopinitol synthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- galactinol synthasee0
- Outcome
- not galactopinitolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recombinant soybean galactinol synthase, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli , catalysed the synthesis of fagopyritol B1 and galactinol, but not galactopinitols”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret D-pinitol and D-chiro-inositol as transported from maternal tissues rather than synthesized in embryos.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Compound
- D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositole0
- Outcome
- transported from maternal tissues and not synthesized in the embryoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D-pinitol and D- chiro -inositol were transported from maternal tissues and not synthesized in the embryo”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer D-pinitol may reduce embryo D-chiro-inositol uptake.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- D-pinitole0
- Outcome
- D- chiro -inositol uptake into embryose0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D- chiro -inositol uptake into embryos may be reduced by D-pinitol”
t0“Soybean”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.