Abstract
Volatile esters, primarily synthesized in peel tissues, are major aromatic components of apple fruits [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. The use of cold storage combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment prolongs the life of apples but represses the regeneration of esters during poststorage ripening. In this study, the regeneration of total esters was significantly increased in apple fruits treated with salicylic acid (SA) and Ethephon (ETH) that had been treated once or twice with 1-MCP. However, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment resulted in regeneration of total esters after a single 1-MCP treatment. To determine the mechanism by which SA, ETH, and MeJA regulate ester regeneration, the apple alcohol acyltransferase gene (MdAAT2) was investigated at the mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels. Genes associated with ethylene perception were also investigated by RT-PCR. The results suggest that MdAAT2 controls ester regeneration and that MdETR1 plays a key role in ethylene perception and regulation of downstream MdAAT2 gene expression during poststorage. Ester compounds and concentrations differed in peels treated with different signal molecules, indicating that regulation of the pathway upstream of straight-chain ester biosynthesis depended on the regulation of lipoxygenase (LOX) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity by SA, ETH, and MeJA during poststorage ripening.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid significantly increased total ester regeneration in apple fruit pretreated once or twice with 1-MCP.
- Taxon
- apple fruits
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Outcome
- regeneration of total esterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- that had been treated once or twice with 1-MCPe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid, Ethephon, and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Ester Regeneration in 1-MCP-Treated Apple Fruit after Long-Term Cold Storage”
e1“the regeneration of total esters was significantly increased in apple fruits treated with salicylic acid (SA) and Ethephon (ETH) that had been treated once or twice with 1-MCP”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon significantly increased total ester regeneration in apple fruit pretreated once or twice with 1-MCP.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Ethephon (ETH)e1
- Outcome
- regeneration of total esterse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- that had been treated once or twice with 1-MCPe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid, Ethephon, and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Ester Regeneration in 1-MCP-Treated Apple Fruit after Long-Term Cold Storage”
e1“the regeneration of total esters was significantly increased in apple fruits treated with salicylic acid (SA) and Ethephon (ETH) that had been treated once or twice with 1-MCP”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate resulted in regeneration of total esters after a single 1-MCP treatment.
- Taxon
- Apple FruitMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatmente2
- Outcome
- regeneration of total esterse2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Qualifier
- after a single 1-MCP treatmente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid, Ethephon, and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Ester Regeneration in 1-MCP-Treated Apple Fruit after Long-Term Cold Storage”
e2“methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment resulted in regeneration of total esters after a single 1-MCP treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
MdAAT2 appears to control ester regeneration in apple fruit.
- Taxon
- Apple FruitMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdAAT2e3
- Outcome
- ester regeneratione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid, Ethephon, and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Ester Regeneration in 1-MCP-Treated Apple Fruit after Long-Term Cold Storage”
e3“The results suggest that MdAAT2 controls ester regeneration”
Claim · model-written summary
MdETR1 plays a key role in ethylene perception and in regulating downstream MdAAT2 expression during poststorage.
- Taxon
- Apple FruitMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- MdETR1e4
- Outcome
- regulation of downstream MdAAT2 gene expressione4
- Qualifier
- ethylene perceptione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid, Ethephon, and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Ester Regeneration in 1-MCP-Treated Apple Fruit after Long-Term Cold Storage”
e4“MdETR1 plays a key role in ethylene perception and regulation of downstream MdAAT2 gene expression during poststorage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ester compounds and concentrations differed in peels treated with different signal molecules.
- Taxon
- Apple FruitMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- peelse5
- Treatment
- different signal moleculese5
- Outcome
- Ester compounds and concentrationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid, Ethephon, and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Ester Regeneration in 1-MCP-Treated Apple Fruit after Long-Term Cold Storage”
e5“Ester compounds and concentrations differed in peels treated with different signal molecules”
Claim · model-written summary
Upstream regulation of straight-chain ester biosynthesis depends on LOX and ADH activity regulated by SA, ethephon and MeJA.
- Taxon
- Apple FruitMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- SA, ETH, and MeJAe6
- Gene
- lipoxygenase (LOX) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)e6
- Outcome
- regulation of the pathway upstream of straight-chain ester biosynthesise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Salicylic Acid, Ethephon, and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Ester Regeneration in 1-MCP-Treated Apple Fruit after Long-Term Cold Storage”
e6“regulation of the pathway upstream of straight-chain ester biosynthesis depended on the regulation of lipoxygenase (LOX) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity by SA, ETH, and MeJA during poststorage ripening”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →salicylic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
(-)-methyl jasmonate · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.