Abstract
Abstract We examined the relationship between grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC) in durum wheat ( Trticum turgidum L. var. durum ) as affected by N application rate, seeding rate, and irrigation levels. Field experiments were conducted for four years with five N rates, five seeding rates, and four Irrigation regimes: A. Only a preplant irrigation; B. A + one irrigation at tillering; C. B + one irrigation at booting stage; and D. C + one irrigation at early soft dough stage. These treatments produced a large variation in GY and GPC which provided the basis for examining the GY‐GPC relationship by all possible correlation analyses and by analysis of variance after partitioning the bivariate responses (GY and GPC) into pairs of univariate responses. The contribution of N, seeding rate, and irrigation on parallel (simultaneous changes in the same direction) and opposite changes in GY and GPC was determined. The effects of N and seeding rate on parallel increase in GY and GPC were significant. For a given level of irrigation, increasing N application resulted in significant parallel increase in GY and GPC to the highest level of N. At low N levels, increase in irrigation level from A to B increased GY and decreased GPC; however, it was not true at higher N levels. For a given N level, GY plateaued at irrigation C, whereas GPC increased up to irrigation D. The overall effects of irrigation treatments on parallel changes (positive correlation) in GY and GPC significantly outweighed their effects on opposite changes (negative correlation) in GY and GPC. Increasing levels of N and irrigation improved the correlation between GY and GPC and the yield‐protein index. This study suggests that with proper management practice it is possible to increase both GY and GPC simultaneously and obtain high protein yield ha −1 .
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and seeding rate significantly contributed to simultaneous increases in grain yield and protein concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- N and seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- parallel increase in GY and GPCe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of N and seeding rate on parallel increase in GY and GPC were significant.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given irrigation level, increasing nitrogen significantly raised grain yield and protein concentration through the highest nitrogen level.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- increasing N applicatione0
- Outcome
- parallel increase in GY and GPCe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- For a given level of irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For a given level of irrigation, increasing N application resulted in significant parallel increase in GY and GPC to the highest level of N.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At low nitrogen levels, increasing irrigation from A to B increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation level from A to Be0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- At low N levelse0
- Comparator
- Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At low N levels, increase in irrigation level from A to B increased GY and decreased GPC; however, it was not true at higher N levels.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At low nitrogen levels, increasing irrigation from A to B decreased grain protein concentration; this pattern did not hold at higher nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation level from A to Be0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- however, it was not true at higher N levelse0
- Comparator
- Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At low N levels, increase in irrigation level from A to B increased GY and decreased GPC; however, it was not true at higher N levels.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given nitrogen level, grain yield plateaued at irrigation regime C.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation Ce0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- plateauede0
- Qualifier
- For a given N levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For a given N level, GY plateaued at irrigation C, whereas GPC increased up to irrigation D.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At a given nitrogen level, grain protein concentration increased through irrigation regime D.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation De0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- For a given N levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For a given N level, GY plateaued at irrigation C, whereas GPC increased up to irrigation D.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation treatments had significantly greater positive than negative joint effects on grain yield and protein concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- parallel changes (positive correlation) in GY and GPCe0
- Direction
- outweighede0
- Comparator
- opposite changes (negative correlation) in GY and GPCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall effects of irrigation treatments on parallel changes (positive correlation) in GY and GPC significantly outweighed their effects on opposite changes (negative correlation) in GY and GPC.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen and irrigation improved the relationship between grain yield and protein concentration.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing levels of N and irrigatione0
- Outcome
- correlation between GY and GPCe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing levels of N and irrigation improved the correlation between GY and GPC and the yield‐protein index.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen and irrigation improved the yield protein index.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing levels of N and irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield‐protein indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing levels of N and irrigation improved the correlation between GY and GPC and the yield‐protein index.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that appropriate management can increase grain yield and protein concentration together and achieve high protein yield per hectare.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- increase both GY and GPC simultaneously and obtain high protein yield ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study suggests that with proper management practice it is possible to increase both GY and GPC simultaneously and obtain high protein yield ha −1 .”
t0“Durum Wheat”
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