Abstract
The embryogenic callus of ‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Yoshida’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), Calamondin (C. madurensis Lour.), Yuzu (C. junos Sieb. ex Tan.) and ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma (C. unshiu Marc.) were exposed to 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 kiloroentgen (kR) of gamma irradiation at the dosage of 1kR/h in Institute of Radiation Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, Japan.The irradiation caused a retardation of callus growth. Callus growth was reduced to 500 or less of that in non-irradiated callus, at a dosage of 5kR in Yuzu, 20kR in ‘Valencia’ orange and ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma, and 50kR in ‘Yoshida’ navel orange and Calamondin.The irradiation stimulated embryoid formation from the callus. Optimum irradiation dosages to produce the maximum number of embryoids were 50kR in ‘Valencia’ orange, 20kR in Yuzu, 10kR in Calamondin and ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma. ‘Yoshida’ navel orange produced the maximum number of embryoids at the lowest irradiation of 5kR.The ratios of embryoid number produced at the optimum irradiation to that at non- irradiation were, 16.4, 8.4, 7.8, 6.4 and 2.7 in Yuzu, ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma, ‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Yoshida’ navel orange and Calamondin, respectively.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation retarded citrus callus growth.
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irradiation caused a retardation of callus growth.”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Yuzu callus growth was reduced at 5kR.
- Taxon
- Yuzu
.jpg?width=60)
Citrus junose0 - Treatment
- 5kRe0
- Outcome
- Callus growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 500 or lesse0
- Comparator
- non-irradiated calluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Callus growth was reduced to 500 or less of that in non-irradiated callus, at a dosage of 5kR in Yuzu”
Claim · model-written summary
Valencia orange callus growth was reduced at 20kR.
Verbatim
e0“Callus growth was reduced to 500 or less of that in non-irradiated callus, at a dosage of 5kR in Yuzu, 20kR in ‘Valencia’ orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Ishizuka Wase satsuma callus growth was reduced at 20kR.
Verbatim
e0“Callus growth was reduced to 500 or less of that in non-irradiated callus, at a dosage of 5kR in Yuzu, 20kR in ‘Valencia’ orange and ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma”
Claim · model-written summary
Yoshida navel orange callus growth was reduced at 50kR.
Verbatim
e0“Callus growth was reduced to 500 or less of that in non-irradiated callus, at a dosage of 5kR in Yuzu, 20kR in ‘Valencia’ orange and ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma, and 50kR in ‘Yoshida’ navel orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Calamondin callus growth was reduced at 50kR.
- Taxon
- Calamondin
Citrus ×microcarpae0 - Treatment
- 50kRe0
- Outcome
- Callus growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-irradiated calluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Callus growth was reduced to 500 or less of that in non-irradiated callus, at a dosage of 5kR in Yuzu, 20kR in ‘Valencia’ orange and ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma, and 50kR in ‘Yoshida’ navel orange and Calamondin”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation stimulated embryoid formation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irradiation stimulated embryoid formation from the callus.”
t0“Citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Valencia orange had maximal embryoid production at 50kR.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum irradiation dosages to produce the maximum number of embryoids were 50kR in ‘Valencia’ orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Yuzu had maximal embryoid production at 20kR.
- Taxon
- YuzuCitrus junose0
- Treatment
- 20kRe0
- Outcome
- number of embryoidse0
- Value
- 20kRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum irradiation dosages to produce the maximum number of embryoids were 50kR in ‘Valencia’ orange, 20kR in Yuzu”
Claim · model-written summary
Calamondin had maximal embryoid production at 10kR.
- Taxon
- CalamondinCitrus ×microcarpae0
- Treatment
- 10kRe0
- Outcome
- number of embryoidse0
- Value
- 10kRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum irradiation dosages to produce the maximum number of embryoids were 50kR in ‘Valencia’ orange, 20kR in Yuzu, 10kR in Calamondin”
Claim · model-written summary
Ishizuka Wase satsuma had maximal embryoid production at 10kR.
Verbatim
e0“Optimum irradiation dosages to produce the maximum number of embryoids were 50kR in ‘Valencia’ orange, 20kR in Yuzu, 10kR in Calamondin and ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma”
Claim · model-written summary
Yoshida navel orange had maximal embryoid production at 5kR.
Verbatim
e0“‘Yoshida’ navel orange produced the maximum number of embryoids at the lowest irradiation of 5kR.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yuzu had a 16.4 optimum-to-control embryoid count ratio.
- Taxon
- YuzuCitrus junose0
- Outcome
- embryoid numbere0
- Value
- 16.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratios of embryoid number produced at the optimum irradiation to that at non- irradiation were, 16.4, 8.4, 7.8, 6.4 and 2.7 in Yuzu”
Claim · model-written summary
Ishizuka Wase satsuma had an 8.4 optimum-to-control embryoid count ratio.
Verbatim
e0“The ratios of embryoid number produced at the optimum irradiation to that at non- irradiation were, 16.4, 8.4, 7.8, 6.4 and 2.7 in Yuzu, ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma”
Claim · model-written summary
Valencia orange had a 7.8 optimum-to-control embryoid count ratio.
Verbatim
e0“The ratios of embryoid number produced at the optimum irradiation to that at non- irradiation were, 16.4, 8.4, 7.8, 6.4 and 2.7 in Yuzu, ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma, ‘Valencia’ orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Yoshida navel orange had a 6.4 optimum-to-control embryoid count ratio.
Verbatim
e0“The ratios of embryoid number produced at the optimum irradiation to that at non- irradiation were, 16.4, 8.4, 7.8, 6.4 and 2.7 in Yuzu, ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma, ‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Yoshida’ navel orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Calamondin had a 2.7 optimum-to-control embryoid count ratio.
- Taxon
- CalamondinCitrus ×microcarpae0
- Outcome
- embryoid numbere0
- Value
- 2.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratios of embryoid number produced at the optimum irradiation to that at non- irradiation were, 16.4, 8.4, 7.8, 6.4 and 2.7 in Yuzu, ‘Ishizuka Wase’ satsuma, ‘Valencia’ orange, ‘Yoshida’ navel orange and Calamondin”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · growth · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.