Abstract
A 2-year field study was conducted to develop an eco-friendly field application method for controlling root-knot disease of eggplant ( Solanum melongena ). The test sites were heavily infested with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita . The efficacy of neem cake (1.5 t ha −1 ), talc-based preparations of Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 kg ha −1 ) and Trichoderma harzianum (10 kg ha −1 ) as soil application and seed treatment (10 g (kg seed) −1 ) were tested to develop an integrated nematode management module against M. incognita infecting eggplant. Neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum alone and in combinations significantly reduced the incidence of root-knot disease of eggplant. Fresh and dry weight of shoots were higher in the plant where neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum had been applied, than in both M. incognita -infected plants and other treatments. The best protection of disease, in terms of reduction in number of galls (81%) and reproductive factor (P f ∕P i < 0.5) of the nematode, was achieved through this treatment. It also enhanced yield of eggplant by up to 70%. It is suggested that integrated approach using organic amendment with bio-control agents to manage root-knot disease of eggplant under natural infestation is not only environmentally friendly but also more beneficial to growers. This approach also has potential for overcoming some of the efficacy problems that occur with application of individual biological control agent.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum, alone and in combinations, significantly reduced eggplant root-knot disease incidence.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- Neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum alone and in combinationse0
- Outcome
- incidence of root-knot diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum alone and in combinations significantly reduced the incidence of root-knot disease of eggplant.”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments raised fresh and dry shoot weight versus infected plants and other treatments.
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- Fresh and dry weight of shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- M. incognita -infected plants and other treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fresh and dry weight of shoots were higher in the plant where neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum had been applied, than in both M. incognita -infected plants and other treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment reduced gall number by 81%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The best protection of disease, in terms of reduction in number of galls (81%) and reproductive factor (P f ∕P i < 0.5) of the nematode, was achieved through this treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment achieved a nematode reproductive factor below 0.5.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“reproductive factor (P f ∕P i < 0.5) of the nematode, was achieved through this treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated treatment enhanced eggplant yield by up to 70%.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- up to 70%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also enhanced yield of eggplant by up to 70%.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest integrated organic amendment and biocontrol under natural infestation benefits growers and the environment.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- integrated approach using organic amendment with bio-control agents to manage root-knot diseasee0
- Qualifier
- under natural infestatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is suggested that integrated approach using organic amendment with bio-control agents to manage root-knot disease of eggplant under natural infestation is not only environmentally friendly but also more beneficial to growers.”
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