Abstract
White clover ( Trifolium repens L.) stands commonly decline within 2 to 3 yr after establishment, due to insects, fungi, nematodes, viruses, and other factors. This study determined the effect of application of insecticide and fungicide, and infestation of southern root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, alone and in all combinations, on white clover persistence, yield, and crude protein (CP) concentration. The insecticide was cypermethrin [(±)‐α‐cyano‐3‐phenoxy benzyl (±)‐ cis,trans ‐ 3‐(2,2‐ dichlorovinyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] and the fungicide was benomyl [methyl l‐(butylcarbamoyl)‐2‐benzimidazole‐carbamate]. ‘Regal’ white clover was grown on a Marietta fine sandy loam (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrept) for 3 yr after establishment in 1986. No effects of the treatments on yield, stand, or CP were observed in 1987. In 1988 and 1989, yields were 52 to 85% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 12% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 6 to 17% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots compared with untreated plots. The number of stolons per meter was 27 to 39% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 20% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 12 to 20% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots, compared with untreated plots. All treatments had little effect on CP concentration. Fewer Sitona hispidulus Fab‐larvae were found in the cypermethrin‐treated than untreated plots in 1989. White clover decline in the field was not due to any synergistic interactions between the factors evaluated in this study. When stresses such as insect, fungi, nematode, or virus are present and limit white clover growth, selection for resistance to these stresses should contribute to improved stand longevity and production of white clover.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments had no observed effects on yield, stand, or crude protein in 1987.
- Taxon
- White clover
Trifolium repenst0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yield, stand, or CPe0
- Direction
- No effectse0
- Qualifier
- 1987e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effects of the treatments on yield, stand, or CP were observed in 1987.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
cypermethrin‐treated plots had 52 to 85% greater yields than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- cypermethrin‐treated plotse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 52 to 85%e0
- Qualifier
- 1988 and 1989e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1988 and 1989, yields were 52 to 85% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 12% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 6 to 17% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots compared with untreated plots.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
benomyl‐treated plots had 12% greater yields than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- benomyl‐treated plotse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- 1988 onlye0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1988 and 1989, yields were 52 to 85% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 12% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 6 to 17% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots compared with untreated plots.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita ‐infested plots had 6 to 17% lower yields than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- M. incognita ‐infested plotse0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 6 to 17%e0
- Qualifier
- 1988 and 1989e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In 1988 and 1989, yields were 52 to 85% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 12% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 6 to 17% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots compared with untreated plots.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
cypermethrin‐treated plots had 27 to 39% greater number of stolons per meter than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- cypermethrin‐treated plotse0
- Outcome
- number of stolons per metere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 27 to 39%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of stolons per meter was 27 to 39% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 20% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 12 to 20% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots, compared with untreated plots.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
benomyl‐treated plots had 20% greater number of stolons per meter than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- benomyl‐treated plotse0
- Outcome
- number of stolons per metere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- 1988 onlye0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of stolons per meter was 27 to 39% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 20% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 12 to 20% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots, compared with untreated plots.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita ‐infested plots had 12 to 20% lower number of stolons per meter than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- M. incognita ‐infested plotse0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- number of stolons per metere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 12 to 20%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of stolons per meter was 27 to 39% greater in cypermethrin‐treated plots, 20% greater (1988 only) in benomyl‐treated plots, and 12 to 20% lower in M. incognita ‐infested plots, compared with untreated plots.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments had little effect on crude protein concentration.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Outcome
- CP concentratione0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments had little effect on CP concentration.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin-treated plots had fewer Sitona hispidulus larvae than untreated plots in 1989.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- cypermethrin‐treatede0
- Interactor
- Sitona hispidulus
_-_Clover_weevil_(9668741303).jpg?width=60)
Sitona hispiduluse0pest - Outcome
- Sitona hispidulus Fab‐larvaee0
- Direction
- Fewere0
- Qualifier
- 1989e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Clover_weevil_(9668741303).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fewer Sitona hispidulus Fab‐larvae were found in the cypermethrin‐treated than untreated plots in 1989.”
t0“White clover”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover decline was not attributed to synergistic interactions among the evaluated factors.
- Taxon
- White cloverTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- White clover declinee0
- Qualifier
- not due to any synergistic interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“White clover decline in the field was not due to any synergistic interactions between the factors evaluated in this study.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection for resistance to biotic stresses should improve stand longevity and production when they limit clover growth.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- selection for resistance to these stressese0
- Qualifier
- When stresses such as insect, fungi, nematode, or virus are present and limit white clover growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When stresses such as insect, fungi, nematode, or virus are present and limit white clover growth, selection for resistance to these stresses should contribute to improved stand longevity and production of white clover.”
The same questions in other papers
Meloidogyne incognita · yield · Trifolium repens (white clover)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.