Abstract
SUMMARY In three separate experiments, the upper leaf surface of the fifth formed leaf of wheat cv. Highbury, the fourth and fifth leaves of barley cv. Julia and the third and fourth leaves of oat cv. Mostyn were inoculated in a spore settling tower with wheat brown rust ( Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici ), barley brown rust ( P. hordei ) or oat crown rust ( P. coronata f. sp. avenae ), respectively. Fewer pustules developed on distal portions of leaves of plants infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) than on similar portions of leaves from virus‐free plants. There were no significant differences in the number of pustules on proximal leaf portions. In barley and oats, the number of pustules on distal leaf portions was negatively correlated with the amount of yellowing of the leaf areas scored. In wheat, symptoms of BYDV were mild and leaves were little affected by yellowing. The latent period of rust on wheat and oats was not affected by BYDV. In barley, BYDV reduced the latent period of rust on leaf 5, but not on leaf 4, and reduced it on proximal, but not distal, leaf portions. In other experiments, BYDV reduced the yield of wheat and oats by 44% and 66%, respectively, while BYDV‐infected barley was almost sterile. The appropriate rust reduced the yield of wheat, barley and oats by 33%, 13% and 86%, respectively. When infected with both BYDV and rust, yield of wheat and oats was reduced by 63% and 91%, respectively. Neither BYDV nor rust affected the percentage crude protein content of wheat grain, nor did rust affect that of barley. In oats, BYDV and rust each significantly increased crude protein of grain, but rust infection of BYDV‐infected plants tended to reduce it.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV infection reduced rust pustules on distal leaf portions versus virus-free plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Organ / stage
- distal portions of leavese0
- Treatment
- infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)e0
- Interactor
- barley yellow dwarf virus
Barley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- pustulese0
- Direction
- Fewere0
- Comparator
- virus‐free plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fewer pustules developed on distal portions of leaves of plants infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) than on similar portions of leaves from virus‐free plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV did not significantly change rust pustule numbers on proximal leaf portions.
- Organ / stage
- proximal leaf portionse0
- Outcome
- number of pustulese0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“There were no significant differences in the number of pustules on proximal leaf portions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal pustule number was negatively correlated with leaf yellowing in barley and oats.
- Taxon
- barley and oats
Avena sativa.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- distal leaf portionse0
- Outcome
- number of pustules on distal leaf portionse0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- amount of yellowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In barley and oats, the number of pustules on distal leaf portions was negatively correlated with the amount of yellowing of the leaf areas scored.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat showed mild BYDV symptoms and little leaf yellowing.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms of BYDV were mild and leaves were little affected by yellowinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, symptoms of BYDV were mild and leaves were little affected by yellowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV did not affect rust latent period in wheat and oats.
- Taxon
- wheat and oatsAvena sativaTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BYDVe0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- latent period of ruste0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The latent period of rust on wheat and oats was not affected by BYDV.”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV shortened rust latent period on barley leaf 5.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- leaf 5e0
- Treatment
- BYDVe0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- latent period of ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley, BYDV reduced the latent period of rust on leaf 5, but not on leaf 4, and reduced it on proximal, but not distal, leaf portions.”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV shortened rust latent period on proximal barley leaf portions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- proximale0
- Treatment
- BYDVe0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- latent period of ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley, BYDV reduced the latent period of rust on leaf 5, but not on leaf 4, and reduced it on proximal, but not distal, leaf portions.”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV reduced wheat yield by 44%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- BYDVe0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BYDV reduced the yield of wheat and oats by 44% and 66%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV reduced oat yield by 66%.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- BYDVe0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 66%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BYDV reduced the yield of wheat and oats by 44% and 66%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV-infected barley was almost sterile.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- almost sterilee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BYDV‐infected barley was almost sterile”
Claim · model-written summary
Rust reduced wheat yield by 33%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ruste0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appropriate rust reduced the yield of wheat, barley and oats by 33%, 13% and 86%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rust reduced barley yield by 13%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ruste0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appropriate rust reduced the yield of wheat, barley and oats by 33%, 13% and 86%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rust reduced oat yield by 86%.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- ruste0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appropriate rust reduced the yield of wheat, barley and oats by 33%, 13% and 86%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined BYDV and rust reduced wheat yield by 63%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- both BYDV and ruste0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When infected with both BYDV and rust, yield of wheat and oats was reduced by 63% and 91%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined BYDV and rust reduced oat yield by 91%.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- both BYDV and ruste0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When infected with both BYDV and rust, yield of wheat and oats was reduced by 63% and 91%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither BYDV nor rust affected wheat grain crude protein percentage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- BYDV nor ruste0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage crude protein content of wheat graine0
- Direction
- affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither BYDV nor rust affected the percentage crude protein content of wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Rust did not affect barley grain crude protein percentage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ruste0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- that of barleye0
- Direction
- affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nor did rust affect that of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV significantly increased oat grain crude protein.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- BYDVe0
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- crude protein of graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In oats, BYDV and rust each significantly increased crude protein of grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Rust significantly increased oat grain crude protein.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- ruste0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- crude protein of graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In oats, BYDV and rust each significantly increased crude protein of grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Rust tended to reduce crude protein in grain of BYDV-infected oats.
- Treatment
- rust infectione0
- Interactor
- ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- BYDV‐infected plantse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“rust infection of BYDV‐infected plants tended to reduce it”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.