Abstract
Abstract A better understanding of turfgrass growth responses to the vertical placement of nutrients in the soil is needed if growth responses are to be maximized. This greenhouse work examined the shoot and root growth responses of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) to placement of N‐P‐K fertilizer at various depths in a sandy clay loam and in a sandpeat mixture. Fertilization at the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐cm soil depths produced greater verdure and total root mass than fertilization at 0 cm in both the sandy clay loam and sand‐peat. Root mass increases occurred within the 5‐ to 35‐cm zone of the sandy clay loam and the 10‐ to 35‐cm zone of the sand‐peat with subsurface fertilization. Water use efficiency was increased 11% in the sandy clay loam with 10 and 15 cm deep fertilization and 21% in the sand‐peat with 5 cm deep fertilization compared with surface fertilization. Except for P, nutrient accumulation with subsurface fertilization matched or exceeded that achieved with surface fertilization. Management practices that position nutrients below the soil surface and as deep as 15 cm can improve turfgrass growth responses to fertilizer. Further research needs to relate irrigation, fertilization, cultivation, and soil modification practices to fertilizer placement, and subsequently shoot and root growth responses.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization at 5, 10 and 15 cm soil depths produces greater verdure and total root mass than fertilization at 0 cm.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee1 - Treatment
- Fertilization at the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐cm soil depthse2
- Outcome
- verdure and total root masse2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- fertilization at 0 cme2
- Setting
- greenhousee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)”
e2“Fertilization at the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐cm soil depths produced greater verdure and total root mass than fertilization at 0 cm”
e3“This greenhouse work examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Root mass increases within the 5- to 35-cm zone of the sandy clay loam with subsurface fertilization.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- subsurface fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- Root masse4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Value
- 5‐ to 35‐cm zonee4
- Setting
- sandy clay loame4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)”
e4“Root mass increases occurred within the 5‐ to 35‐cm zone of the sandy clay loam and the 10‐ to 35‐cm zone of the sand‐peat with subsurface fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency increases 11% in sandy clay loam with 10 and 15 cm deep fertilization compared with surface fertilization.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- 10 and 15 cm deep fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 11%e5
- Comparator
- surface fertilizatione5
- Setting
- sandy clay loame5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)”
e5“Water use efficiency was increased 11% in the sandy clay loam with 10 and 15 cm deep fertilization and 21% in the sand‐peat with 5 cm deep fertilization compared with surface fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency increases 21% in sand‐peat with 5 cm deep fertilization compared with surface fertilization.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- 5 cm deep fertilizatione5
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 21%e5
- Comparator
- surface fertilizatione5
- Setting
- sand‐peate5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)”
e5“Water use efficiency was increased 11% in the sandy clay loam with 10 and 15 cm deep fertilization and 21% in the sand‐peat with 5 cm deep fertilization compared with surface fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient accumulation with subsurface fertilization matches or exceeds that with surface fertilization, except for P.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- subsurface fertilizatione6
- Outcome
- nutrient accumulatione6
- Direction
- matched or exceedede6
- Qualifier
- Except for Pe6
- Comparator
- surface fertilizatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.)”
e6“Except for P, nutrient accumulation with subsurface fertilization matched or exceeded that achieved with surface fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Positioning nutrients below the soil surface and as deep as 15 cm is recommended to improve turfgrass growth responses to fertilizer.
Verbatim
e7“Management practices that position nutrients below the soil surface and as deep as 15 cm can improve turfgrass growth responses to fertilizer”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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See all 17 papers →fertilization · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.