Abstract
It is important to develop integrated fertilization strategies for various crops that enhance the competitive ability of the crop, maximize crop production and reduce the risk of nonpoint source pollution from fertilizers. In order to study the effects of mineral nitrogen fertilization and biofertilizer inoculation on yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer, field experiments in factorial scheme based on randomized complete block design were conducted with three replications in 2012 and 2013. Experimental factors were: (1) four levels of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha−1), (2) two levels of biofertilizer (with and without inoculation) consisting Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. and (3) two levels of sulfur application (0 and 50 kg S ha−1). Rapeseed yield, oil content of grains and studied physiological traits had a strong association with the N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and sulfur (S) application. Higher rates of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application increased the grain yield of rapeseed. In the case of physiological traits, the highest value of relative water content (RWC) was recorded in 100 kg N ha−1 that was statistically in par with 150 kg N ha−1 application, while usage of 150 kg N ha−1 showed the maximum cell membrane stability (CMS). Inoculation with biofertilizer and S fertilization resulted in higher RWC and CMS in rapeseed plants. The chlorophyll content showed its maximum values in the highest level of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application. The usage of 200 kg N ha−1 significantly decreased the oil content of rapeseed grains, but the highest grain oil content was obtained from the application of 150 kg N ha−1, Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. inoculation and S fertilization. It seems that moderate N rate (about 150 kg N ha−1) and S application (about 50 kg S ha−1) can prove to be beneficial in improving growth, development and total yield of inoculated rapeseed plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen fertilization rates increased rapeseed grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“Higher rates of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application increased the grain yield of rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation with Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. increased rapeseed grain yield.
- Taxon
- rapeseede1
- Treatment
- biofertilizer inoculatione2
- Interactor
- Azotobacter sp.
Azotobactere3symbiont - Second interactor
- Azospirillum sp.
Azospirillume3symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- without inoculatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“Higher rates of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application increased the grain yield of rapeseed”
e3“two levels of biofertilizer (with and without inoculation) consisting Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application increased rapeseed grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“Higher rates of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application increased the grain yield of rapeseed”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest relative water content of rapeseed was recorded at 100 kg N ha-1, statistically on par with 150 kg N ha-1.
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e5“the highest value of relative water content (RWC) was recorded in 100 kg N ha−1 that was statistically in par with 150 kg N ha−1 application”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 150 kg N ha-1 gave the maximum cell membrane stability in rapeseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e6“usage of 150 kg N ha−1 showed the maximum cell membrane stability (CMS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation resulted in higher relative water content and cell membrane stability in rapeseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e7“Inoculation with biofertilizer and S fertilization resulted in higher RWC and CMS in rapeseed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
S fertilization resulted in higher relative water content and cell membrane stability in rapeseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e7“Inoculation with biofertilizer and S fertilization resulted in higher RWC and CMS in rapeseed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen level gave the maximum chlorophyll content in rapeseed.
- Taxon
- rapeseede1
- Treatment
- highest level of N fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- maximum valuese2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“The chlorophyll content showed its maximum values in the highest level of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation gave the maximum chlorophyll content in rapeseed.
- Taxon
- rapeseede1
- Treatment
- biofertilizer inoculatione2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente2
- Direction
- maximum valuese2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“The chlorophyll content showed its maximum values in the highest level of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest sulfur level gave the maximum chlorophyll content in rapeseed.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“The chlorophyll content showed its maximum values in the highest level of N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and S application”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 kg N ha-1 rate significantly decreased rapeseed grain oil content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“The usage of 200 kg N ha−1 significantly decreased the oil content of rapeseed grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 150 kg N ha-1, Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. inoculation and S fertilization gave the highest grain oil content in rapeseed.
- Taxon
- rapeseede1
- Treatment
- 150 kg N ha−1, Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. inoculation and S fertilizatione2
- Interactor
- Azotobacter sp.Azotobactere2symbiont
- Second interactor
- Azospirillum sp.Azospirillume2symbiont
- Outcome
- grain oil contente2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“the highest grain oil content was obtained from the application of 150 kg N ha−1, Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. inoculation and S fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapeseed yield, oil content and physiological traits were strongly associated with N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and sulfur application.
- Taxon
- Rapeseede2
- Treatment
- N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and sulfur (S) applicatione2
- Outcome
- yield, oil content of grains and studied physiological traitse2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“Rapeseed yield, oil content of grains and studied physiological traits had a strong association with the N fertilization, biofertilizer inoculation and sulfur (S) application”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate N (about 150 kg N ha-1) and S (about 50 kg S ha-1) application is recommended to improve growth, development and total yield of inoculated rapeseed.
Verbatim
e1“yield and some physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different levels of sulfur fertilizer”
e2“It seems that moderate N rate (about 150 kg N ha−1) and S application (about 50 kg S ha−1) can prove to be beneficial in improving growth, development and total yield of inoculated rapeseed plants”
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See all 17 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.