Abstract
Abstract Petioles of intact cabbage leaves were placed in azadirachtin solutions for 24 h. Azadirachtin or active metabolites of this compound appeared to be translocated systemically as performance of first instar larvae of Pieris brassicae L. placed on disks from those leaves was affected. The position within a leaf from which disks were excised did not affect the extent of these effects, indicating a homogeneous distribution of active compounds in the laminar tissue. At doses ranging from 1–10 ppm of azadirachtin in the solution taken up by the leaves, gain of larval fresh weight and leaf area consumed were reduced. These effects were dose dependent up to 60–90 ppm. At 10 ppm and higher doses no larva reached the second instar within 72 h. Mortality during the 72 h period was highest at 10 ppm, due to the coincidence of lethal action with ecdysis in combination with the effect on developmental rate. Azadirachtin solutions applied directly to the surface of leaf disks in order to produce known doses on a leaf fresh weight basis gave results similar to the systemic treatment for weight gain, leaf area consumed and developmental rate, while mortality was higher in the latter treatment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Systemically taken-up azadirachtin affected first-instar larval performance.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- azadirachtin solutionse0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=60)
Pieris brassicaee1pest - Outcome
- performance of first instar larvae of Pieris brassicae L.e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Petioles of intact cabbage leaves were placed in azadirachtin solutions for 24 h”
e1“performance of first instar larvae of Pieris brassicae L. placed on disks from those leaves was affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Position within the leaf did not affect larval response extent.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee2pest
- Outcome
- extent of these effectse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The position within a leaf from which disks were excised did not affect the extent of these effects”
e1“intact cabbage leaves”
e2“Pieris brassicae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin at 1–10 ppm reduced larval fresh-weight gain.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- 1–10 ppm of azadirachtine0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee2pest
- Outcome
- gain of larval fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At doses ranging from 1–10 ppm of azadirachtin in the solution taken up by the leaves, gain of larval fresh weight and leaf area consumed were reduced”
e1“intact cabbage leaves”
e2“Pieris brassicae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin at 1–10 ppm reduced leaf area consumed by larvae.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- 1–10 ppm of azadirachtine0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee2pest
- Outcome
- leaf area consumede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At doses ranging from 1–10 ppm of azadirachtin in the solution taken up by the leaves, gain of larval fresh weight and leaf area consumed were reduced”
e1“intact cabbage leaves”
e2“Pieris brassicae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin effects were dose dependent up to 60–90 ppm.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- 60–90 ppme0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee2pest
- Outcome
- These effectse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects were dose dependent up to 60–90 ppm”
e1“intact cabbage leaves”
e2“Pieris brassicae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 ppm or higher, no larva reached the second instar within 72 hours.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- 10 ppm and higher dosese0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee2pest
- Outcome
- no larva reached the second instare0
- Qualifier
- within 72 he0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 10 ppm and higher doses no larva reached the second instar within 72 h”
e1“intact cabbage leaves”
e2“Pieris brassicae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval mortality was highest at 10 ppm during 72 hours.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- 10 ppme0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee2pest
- Outcome
- Mortalitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- during the 72 h periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mortality during the 72 h period was highest at 10 ppm”
e1“intact cabbage leaves”
e2“Pieris brassicae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application and systemic treatment gave similar results for weight gain, leaf area consumed and developmental rate.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin solutions applied directly to the surface of leaf diskse0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee2pest
- Outcome
- weight gain, leaf area consumed and developmental ratee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- systemic treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin solutions applied directly to the surface of leaf disks in order to produce known doses on a leaf fresh weight basis gave results similar to the systemic treatment for weight gain, leaf area consumed and developmental rate”
e1“intact cabbage leaves”
e2“Pieris brassicae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic treatment caused higher larval mortality than direct leaf-disk application.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- systemic treatmente1
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae L.Pieris brassicaee4pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Azadirachtin solutions applied directly to the surface of leaf diskse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mortality was higher in the latter treatment”
e1“similar to the systemic treatment”
e2“Azadirachtin solutions applied directly to the surface of leaf disks”
e3“intact cabbage leaves”
e4“Pieris brassicae L.”
The same questions in other papers
azadirachtin · Pieris brassicae · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.