Abstract
To predict the effects of temperature changes on plant growth and performance, it is crucial to understand the impact of thermal history on leaf morphology, anatomy and physiology. Here, we document a comprehensive range of leaf phenotypes in 25/20 degrees C-grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants that were shifted to 5 degrees C for up to 2 months. When warm-grown, pre-existing (PE) leaves were exposed to cold, leaf thickness increased due to an increase in mesophyll cell size. Leaves that were entirely cold-developed (CD) were twice as thick (eight cell layers) as their warm-developed (WD) counterparts (six layers), and also had higher epidermal and stomatal cell densities. After 4 d of cold, PE leaves accumulated high levels of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). However, glucose and starch levels declined thereafter, and after 45 d in the cold, PE leaves exhibited similar TNC to CD leaves. A similar phenomenon was observed in delta(13)C and a range of photosynthetic parameters. In cold-treated PE leaves, an increase in respiration (R(dark)) with cold exposure time was evident when measured at 25 degrees C but not 5 degrees C. Cold acclimation was associated with a large increase in the ratio of leaf R(dark) to photosynthesis. The data highlight the importance of understanding developmental thermal history in determining individual phenotypic traits.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cold exposure increased thickness of pre-existing leaves through larger mesophyll cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- exposed to colde0
- Outcome
- leaf thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increase in mesophyll cell sizee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When warm-grown, pre-existing (PE) leaves were exposed to cold, leaf thickness increased due to an increase in mesophyll cell size.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Entirely cold-developed leaves were twice as thick as warm-developed leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- Leavese0
- Outcome
- thicke0
- Direction
- twice as thicke0
- Value
- eight cell layerse0
- Qualifier
- six layerse0
- Comparator
- warm-developed (WD) counterpartse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves that were entirely cold-developed (CD) were twice as thick (eight cell layers) as their warm-developed (WD) counterparts (six layers)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-developed leaves had higher epidermal and stomatal cell densities.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- epidermal and stomatal cell densitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and also had higher epidermal and stomatal cell densities.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-existing leaves accumulated high total non-structural carbohydrates after four days of cold.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- PE leavese0
- Treatment
- 4 d of colde0
- Outcome
- total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC)e0
- Direction
- accumulated high levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 4 d of cold, PE leaves accumulated high levels of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC).”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose and starch declined after the initial cold response.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- glucose and starch levelse0
- Direction
- declinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, glucose and starch levels declined thereafter”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
After 45 days in cold, pre-existing leaves had similar TNC to cold-developed leaves.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- PE leavese0
- Outcome
- TNCe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- after 45 d in the colde0
- Comparator
- CD leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 45 d in the cold, PE leaves exhibited similar TNC to CD leaves.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Delta-13C and photosynthetic parameters showed a similar temporal pattern.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- delta(13)C and a range of photosynthetic parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar phenomenon was observed in delta(13)C and a range of photosynthetic parameters.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiration increased with cold exposure time at 25 degrees C but not at 5 degrees C.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- respiration (R(dark))e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- 5 degrees Ce0
- Setting
- 25 degrees Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cold-treated PE leaves, an increase in respiration (R(dark)) with cold exposure time was evident when measured at 25 degrees C but not 5 degrees C.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation increased the ratio of dark respiration to photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- ratio of leaf R(dark) to photosynthesise0
- Direction
- large increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold acclimation was associated with a large increase in the ratio of leaf R(dark) to photosynthesis.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.