Paper · 1980 · Crop Science

Effect of Seeding Rates and Row Spacing on Forage and Grain Production of Triticale, Wheat, and Rye1

U. R. Bishnoi

11
claims
23
verbatim quotes
13
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is being used for supplemental winter grazing and has potential to be a grain crop in the southeastern U. S. There is little information on the effect of cultural practices on the agronomic performance of triticale. An experiment was conducted on a Decatur silty clay loam soil ( Rhodic Paleudult ) to study the effects of two row spacings (12.5 and 25 cm) and three seeding rates (50, 75, and 100 kg/ha) for two growing seasons on the performance of a triticale cultivar, 6TA 131, in comparison with commonly grown Wrens Abruzzi rye ( Secale cereale L.) and Arthur 71 wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Differences in forage yields due to row spacing and seeding rates of triticale, wheat, and rye were highly significant. The optimum rate of seeding for triticale appears to be 75 and 100 kg/ha for grain and forage production, respectively, when planted at 12.5‐cm row spacings. In wheat and rye, seeding rates of 75 and 100 kg/ha produced significantly more forage, whereas seeding at 50 kg /ha was adequate for grain yields. Clipping effects on triticale and wheat grain yields were inconsistent, but reduced rye yield considerably.

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Claims 11

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Row spacing and seeding rate significantly affected forage yield of triticale.

Taxon
triticale×Triticosecalee0
Treatment
row spacing and seeding ratese1
Outcome
forage yieldse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

x Triticosecale
×Triticosecale · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMiquel Pujol Palol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is being used for supplemental winter grazing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–82 · show in text ↑
e1

“Differences in forage yields due to row spacing and seeding rates of triticale, wheat, and rye were highly significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 637–755 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Row spacing and seeding rate significantly affected forage yield of wheat.

Treatment
row spacing and seeding ratese1
Outcome
forage yieldse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Differences in forage yields due to row spacing and seeding rates of triticale, wheat, and rye were highly significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 637–755 · show in text ↑
e3

“In wheat and rye”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–931 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Row spacing and seeding rate significantly affected forage yield of rye.

Treatment
row spacing and seeding ratese1
Outcome
forage yieldse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Secale cereale
Secale cereale · TaxonLSDSL · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Differences in forage yields due to row spacing and seeding rates of triticale, wheat, and rye were highly significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 637–755 · show in text ↑
e3

“In wheat and rye”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–931 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The optimum seeding rate for triticale appears to be 75 and 100 kg/ha for grain and forage production, respectively.

Taxon
triticale×Triticosecalee0
Outcome
optimum rate of seedinge2
Value
75 and 100 kg/hae2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

x Triticosecale
×Triticosecale · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMiquel Pujol Palol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is being used for supplemental winter grazing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–82 · show in text ↑
e2

“The optimum rate of seeding for triticale appears to be 75 and 100 kg/ha for grain and forage production, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 757–875 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seeding rates of 75 and 100 kg/ha produced significantly more forage in wheat than seeding at 50 kg/ha.

Treatment
seeding rates of 75 and 100 kg/hae3
Outcome
foragee3
Direction
moree3
Comparator
seeding at 50 kg /hae4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In wheat and rye, seeding rates of 75 and 100 kg/ha produced significantly more forage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–1001 · show in text ↑
e4

“whereas seeding at 50 kg /ha was adequate for grain yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1003–1061 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Seeding rates of 75 and 100 kg/ha produced significantly more forage in rye than seeding at 50 kg/ha.

Treatment
seeding rates of 75 and 100 kg/hae3
Outcome
foragee3
Direction
moree3
Comparator
seeding at 50 kg /hae4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Secale cereale
Secale cereale · TaxonLSDSL · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In wheat and rye, seeding rates of 75 and 100 kg/ha produced significantly more forage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–1001 · show in text ↑
e4

“whereas seeding at 50 kg /ha was adequate for grain yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1003–1061 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seeding at 50 kg/ha was adequate for grain yield of wheat.

Treatment
seeding at 50 kg /hae4
Outcome
grain yieldse4
Qualifier
adequatee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In wheat and rye”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–931 · show in text ↑
e4

“whereas seeding at 50 kg /ha was adequate for grain yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1003–1061 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seeding at 50 kg/ha was adequate for grain yield of rye.

Treatment
seeding at 50 kg /hae4
Outcome
grain yieldse4
Qualifier
adequatee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Secale cereale
Secale cereale · TaxonLSDSL · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In wheat and rye”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–931 · show in text ↑
e4

“whereas seeding at 50 kg /ha was adequate for grain yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1003–1061 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Clipping effects on triticale grain yield were inconsistent.

Taxon
triticale×Triticosecalee5
Treatment
Clippinge5
Outcome
grain yieldse5
Qualifier
inconsistente5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

x Triticosecale
×Triticosecale · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMiquel Pujol Palol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is being used for supplemental winter grazing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–82 · show in text ↑
e5

“Clipping effects on triticale and wheat grain yields were inconsistent”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1133 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Clipping effects on wheat grain yield were inconsistent.

Treatment
Clippinge5
Outcome
grain yieldse5
Qualifier
inconsistente5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In wheat and rye”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–931 · show in text ↑
e5

“Clipping effects on triticale and wheat grain yields were inconsistent”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1133 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Clipping reduced rye yield considerably.

Treatment
Clippinge5
Outcome
rye yielde6
Direction
reducede6
Qualifier
considerablye6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Secale cereale
Secale cereale · TaxonLSDSL · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“In wheat and rye”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 915–931 · show in text ↑
e5

“Clipping effects on triticale and wheat grain yields were inconsistent”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1063–1133 · show in text ↑
e6

“but reduced rye yield considerably”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1135–1169 · show in text ↑

mechanical · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 2 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative
See all 4 papers →

density · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 5 positive, 4 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

density · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

498 papers: 376 positive, 122 negative or no effect

375 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

494 papers more in this group

See all 498 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.