Abstract
Abstract In response to increasing grower use of foliar fertilization, field experiments were conducted from 1977 through 1979 to evaluate the effects of Zn and NPKS foliar fertilization of dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on nutrient concentrations in the tissue and on yield. Commercial Zn formulations of ZnSO 4 , ZnEDTA (Zn ethylenediamine tetraacetate), NZn and ZnPK were sprayed at growth stages ranging from early vegetative (V4) to early bloom (R1). Foliar NPKS was applied at growth stages ranging from full bloom (R2) to fully expanded seed (R7). Foliar Zn and NPKS were applied either separately or together in combination treatments. Throughout the study there was no yield increase from foliar‐applied Zn when soil Zn was adequate. There was a yield increase over the untreated check in 1978 but not in 1979. No consistent differences in bean yields were observed among ZnSO 4 , ZnEDTA, NZn, or ZnKP. Stage of growth at which the foliar fertilization was applied did not affect yield response. All foliar Zn treatments increased plant tissue Zn except at growth stage V4 which had insufficient foliage to intercept the spray. Similar tissue Zn cone resulted from foliar ZnSO 4 , ZnEDTA, and ZnKP. The NZn material, containing Zn dissolved in a solution of urea, ammonium, and nitrate N, consistently resulted in about twofold greater tissue Zn than the other Zn materials. Concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in the bean seed were not consistently affected by foliar applications of Zn or NPKS. Even twofold to fourfold differences in whole plant Zn cone did not affect seed Zn cone.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn did not increase bean yield when soil Zn was adequate.
- Taxon
- dry beanse1
- Treatment
- foliar‐applied Zne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no yield increasee0
- Qualifier
- soil Zn was adequatee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Throughout the study there was no yield increase from foliar‐applied Zn when soil Zn was adequate.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increased over the untreated check in 1978.
Verbatim
e0“There was a yield increase over the untreated check in 1978 but not in 1979.”
e1“Foliar Zn and NPKS were applied either separately or together in combination treatments.”
e2“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield did not increase over the untreated check in 1979.
Verbatim
e0“There was a yield increase over the untreated check in 1978 but not in 1979.”
e1“Foliar Zn and NPKS were applied either separately or together in combination treatments.”
e2“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean yields showed no consistent differences among the four Zn formulations.
- Taxon
- dry beanse1
- Treatment
- ZnSO 4 , ZnEDTA, NZn, or ZnKPe0
- Outcome
- bean yieldse0
- Direction
- No consistent differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“No consistent differences in bean yields were observed among ZnSO 4 , ZnEDTA, NZn, or ZnKP.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth stage at foliar application did not alter yield response.
Verbatim
e0“Stage of growth at which the foliar fertilization was applied did not affect yield response.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn increased plant tissue Zn outside the V4 stage.
- Taxon
- dry beanse1
- Treatment
- foliar Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant tissue Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except at growth stage V4e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All foliar Zn treatments increased plant tissue Zn except at growth stage V4 which had insufficient foliage to intercept the spray.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At V4, foliar Zn did not increase tissue Zn because foliage was insufficient to intercept spray.
- Taxon
- dry beanse1
- Organ / stage
- growth stage V4e0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant tissue Zne0
- Direction
- excepte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All foliar Zn treatments increased plant tissue Zn except at growth stage V4 which had insufficient foliage to intercept the spray.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnSO 4, ZnEDTA, and ZnKP yielded similar tissue Zn concentrations.
- Taxon
- dry beanse1
- Treatment
- foliar ZnSO 4 , ZnEDTA, and ZnKPe0
- Outcome
- tissue Zn conee0
- Direction
- Similare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Similar tissue Zn cone resulted from foliar ZnSO 4 , ZnEDTA, and ZnKP.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NZn produced roughly twice the tissue Zn of other Zn materials.
Verbatim
e0“The NZn material, containing Zn dissolved in a solution of urea, ammonium, and nitrate N, consistently resulted in about twofold greater tissue Zn than the other Zn materials.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn or NPKS did not consistently alter bean seed N, P, K, and Zn concentrations.
- Taxon
- dry beanse1
- Treatment
- foliar applications of Zn or NPKSe0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in the bean seede0
- Direction
- not consistently affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in the bean seed were not consistently affected by foliar applications of Zn or NPKS.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twofold to fourfold whole plant Zn differences did not change seed Zn concentrations.
Verbatim
e0“Even twofold to fourfold differences in whole plant Zn cone did not affect seed Zn cone.”
e1“dry beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
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