Abstract
Non-protein amino acids, often isomers of the standard 20 protein amino acids, have defense-related functions in many plant species. A targeted search for jasmonate-induced metabolites in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) identified (R)-β-tyrosine, an isomer of the common amino acid (S)-α-tyrosine in the seeds, leaves, roots, and root exudates of the Nipponbare cultivar. Assays with 119 diverse cultivars showed a distinct presence/absence polymorphism, with β-tyrosine being most prevalent in temperate japonica cultivars. Genetic mapping identified a candidate gene on chromosome 12, which was confirmed to encode a tyrosine aminomutase (TAM1) by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and in vitro enzyme assays. A point mutation in TAM1 eliminated β-tyrosine production in Nipponbare. Rice cultivars that do not produce β-tyrosine have a chromosome 12 deletion that encompasses TAM1. Although β-tyrosine accumulation was induced by the plant defense signaling molecule jasmonic acid, bioassays with hemipteran and lepidopteran herbivores showed no negative effects at physiologically relevant β-tyrosine concentrations. In contrast, root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and other tested dicot plants was inhibited by concentrations as low as 1 μM. As β-tyrosine is exuded into hydroponic medium at higher concentrations, it may contribute to the allelopathic potential of rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
A targeted search identified (R)-β-tyrosine in Nipponbare seeds, leaves, roots, and root exudates.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Nipponbaree0
- Organ / stage
- seeds, leaves, roots, and root exudatese0
- Outcome
- (R)-β-tyrosinee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A targeted search for jasmonate-induced metabolites in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) identified (R)-β-tyrosine, an isomer of the common amino acid (S)-α-tyrosine in the seeds, leaves, roots, and root exudates of the Nipponbare cultivar.”
Claim · model-written summary
β-tyrosine presence varied among 119 cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- diverse cultivarse0
- Outcome
- presence/absence polymorphisme0
- Value
- 119e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Assays with 119 diverse cultivars showed a distinct presence/absence polymorphism, with β-tyrosine being most prevalent in temperate japonica cultivars.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
β-tyrosine was most prevalent in temperate japonica cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- temperate japonica cultivarse0
- Outcome
- β-tyrosinee0
- Direction
- most prevalente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Assays with 119 diverse cultivars showed a distinct presence/absence polymorphism, with β-tyrosine being most prevalent in temperate japonica cultivars.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Mapping identified a candidate β-tyrosine gene on chromosome 12.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- candidate genee0
- Outcome
- candidate gene on chromosome 12e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic mapping identified a candidate gene on chromosome 12, which was confirmed to encode a tyrosine aminomutase (TAM1) by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and in vitro enzyme assays.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The candidate gene encodes tyrosine aminomutase TAM1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- tyrosine aminomutase (TAM1)e0
- Outcome
- encode a tyrosine aminomutase (TAM1)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was confirmed to encode a tyrosine aminomutase (TAM1) by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and in vitro enzyme assays.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A point mutation in TAM1 eliminated β-tyrosine production in Nipponbare.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Nipponbaree0
- Treatment
- A point mutation in TAM1e0
- Gene
- TAM1e0
- Outcome
- β-tyrosine productione0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A point mutation in TAM1 eliminated β-tyrosine production in Nipponbare.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice cultivars lacking β-tyrosine production have a chromosome 12 deletion encompassing TAM1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Rice cultivarse0
- Gene
- TAM1e0
- Outcome
- chromosome 12 deletione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice cultivars that do not produce β-tyrosine have a chromosome 12 deletion that encompasses TAM1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid induced β-tyrosine accumulation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- jasmonic acide0
- Outcome
- β-tyrosine accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“β-tyrosine accumulation was induced by the plant defense signaling molecule jasmonic acid”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
β-tyrosine had no negative effects on hemipteran herbivores at physiologically relevant concentrations.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- β-tyrosinee0
- Interactor
- hemipterane0herbivore
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- no negative effectse0
- Qualifier
- physiologically relevant β-tyrosine concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioassays with hemipteran and lepidopteran herbivores showed no negative effects at physiologically relevant β-tyrosine concentrations”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
β-tyrosine had no negative effects on lepidopteran herbivores at physiologically relevant concentrations.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- β-tyrosinee0
- Interactor
- lepidopteran herbivorese0herbivore
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- no negative effectse0
- Qualifier
- physiologically relevant β-tyrosine concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bioassays with hemipteran and lepidopteran herbivores showed no negative effects at physiologically relevant β-tyrosine concentrations”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
β-tyrosine inhibited Arabidopsis thaliana root growth at concentrations as low as 1 μM.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- β-tyrosinee1
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 1 μMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and other tested dicot plants was inhibited by concentrations as low as 1 μM”
e1“β-tyrosine accumulation was induced by the plant defense signaling molecule jasmonic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
β-tyrosine inhibited root growth of other tested dicot plants at concentrations as low as 1 μM.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and other tested dicot plants was inhibited by concentrations as low as 1 μM”
e1“β-tyrosine accumulation was induced by the plant defense signaling molecule jasmonic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice exudes β-tyrosine into hydroponic medium at higher concentrations.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- β-tyrosine is exuded into hydroponic mediume0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“β-tyrosine is exuded into hydroponic medium at higher concentrations”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest that exuded β-tyrosine may contribute to rice allelopathy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- β-tyrosinee0
- Outcome
- allelopathic potentiale0
- Qualifier
- may contributee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As β-tyrosine is exuded into hydroponic medium at higher concentrations, it may contribute to the allelopathic potential of rice.”
The same questions in other papers
jasmonic acid · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →loss of function · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
71 papers in the same direction as this paper · 62 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
130 papers more in this group
See all 134 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.