Abstract
Abstract Extreme climatic events are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude as a consequence of global warming. Grasslands cover a large proportion of the E uropean continent and contribute to both agricultural production and ecosystem services through inter and intraspecific genetic variability. This study analysed the effects of summer droughts and heat waves on the persistence and production of perennial forage grasses. Mediterranean and temperate populations of Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.) were compared at both Mediterranean and temperate sites in F rance. By manipulating canopy temperatures and water availability, grass swards in the field were subjected to cumulative summer and spring water deficits ( CSSWD ) ranging from 329 to 707 mm to test different projected climatic conditions and extreme summer events. Under controlled summer heat waves (6–21 days at a mean daily canopy temperature higher than 30–35 °C), there was no increase in membrane damage to surviving aerial tissues. Plant stress was thus mainly generated through greater soil water deficit. Under the greatest CSSWD , annual biomass production was reduced on average by 60% and 30% with temperate and Mediterranean populations, respectively. Thresholds for a significant increase in summer tiller mortality were seen at CSSWD higher than 450 mm for temperate populations and 550 mm for Mediterranean populations. The latter displayed lower predawn leaf water potentials in summer and recovered through intense tillering in the subsequent seasons. Under the most extreme CSSWD , fewer than 20% of tillers of temperate populations survived and their nitrogen uptake ability was drastically altered. The higher potential productivity of Mediterranean populations in winter was associated with greater frost sensitivity. The identification of thresholds for vulnerability and the determination of the role of genetic diversity will improve the management of plant resilience and the design of new plant material to cope with climate change.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled heat waves did not increase membrane damage in surviving aerial tissues.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)
.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomerata
Lolium arundinaceume1 - Treatment
- controlled summer heat wavese0
- Outcome
- membrane damagee0
- Direction
- no increasee0
- Qualifier
- 6–21 days at a mean daily canopy temperature higher than 30–35 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Under controlled summer heat waves (6–21 days at a mean daily canopy temperature higher than 30–35 °C), there was no increase in membrane damage to surviving aerial tissues”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater soil water deficit was the main source of plant stress.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume1
- Outcome
- Plant stresse0
- Qualifier
- greater soil water deficite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant stress was thus mainly generated through greater soil water deficit”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest water deficit reduced annual biomass production by 60% in temperate populations.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume1
- Material
- temperatee0
- Treatment
- greatest CSSWDe0
- Outcome
- annual biomass productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the greatest CSSWD , annual biomass production was reduced on average by 60% and 30% with temperate and Mediterranean populations, respectively”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest water deficit reduced annual biomass production by 30% in Mediterranean populations.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume1
- Material
- Mediterranean populationse0
- Treatment
- greatest CSSWDe0
- Outcome
- annual biomass productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the greatest CSSWD , annual biomass production was reduced on average by 60% and 30% with temperate and Mediterranean populations, respectively”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer tiller mortality rose significantly above 450 mm cumulative deficit in temperate populations.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume1
- Material
- temperate populationse0
- Outcome
- summer tiller mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 450 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thresholds for a significant increase in summer tiller mortality were seen at CSSWD higher than 450 mm for temperate populations and 550 mm for Mediterranean populations”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer tiller mortality rose significantly above 550 mm cumulative deficit in Mediterranean populations.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume1
- Material
- Mediterranean populationse0
- Outcome
- summer tiller mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 550 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thresholds for a significant increase in summer tiller mortality were seen at CSSWD higher than 450 mm for temperate populations and 550 mm for Mediterranean populations”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the most extreme deficit, fewer than 20% of temperate-population tillers survived.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume1
- Material
- temperate populationse0
- Outcome
- tillers of temperate populations survivede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- most extreme CSSWDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the most extreme CSSWD , fewer than 20% of tillers of temperate populations survived”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the most extreme deficit, nitrogen uptake in temperate populations was drastically altered.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume2
- Material
- temperate populationse1
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake abilitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their nitrogen uptake ability was drastically altered”
e1“tillers of temperate populations survived”
e2“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater winter productivity of Mediterranean populations was associated with greater frost sensitivity.
- Taxon
- Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)Dactylis glomerataLolium arundinaceume1
- Material
- Mediterranean populationse0
- Outcome
- potential productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- greater frost sensitivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher potential productivity of Mediterranean populations in winter was associated with greater frost sensitivity”
e1“Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.