Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that lunasin is a novel and promising cancer preventive peptide from soybean. The Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) and isoflavones are well-studied substances from soy. This study evaluated the levels and bioactivities of these three compounds as affected by stages of seed development and sprouting under light and dark conditions. BBI and lunasin appear at 7 and 6 weeks, respectively, after flowering and increase as the seed matures. Daidzein and genistein both decrease during seed maturation. During sprouting under light, BBI increases up to the 6th day and decreases thereafter, disappearing at the 9th day after soaking. Under dark conditions, BBI increases up to the 7th day after soaking and decreases thereafter, disappearing at the 10th day. Lunasin starts to decrease at 2 days after soaking and disappears completely at 7 days under light and dark conditions. Daidzein and genistein increase continuously during the 10 days of soaking, and both increase more in the dark than under light conditions. Protein extracts from early seed development (2-5 weeks after flowering) suppress cell viability to a greater degree than those from later stages (6-9 weeks). Inhibition of foci formation by protein extracts from later stages is greater than those from earlier stages. Lunasin and BBI suppress foci formation more than the isoflavones. Sprouting decreases lunasin and BBI contents but increases isoflavones. Protein extracts from early soaking times inhibit foci formation more and suppress cell viability less than those from later soaking times. Light and dark conditions have no influence on the bioactivities of protein extracts. These data are useful in the preparation of soy fractions enriched in lunasin, BBI, and isoflavones and in making dietary recommendations.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
BBI and lunasin appear at 7 and 6 weeks after flowering and increase as the seed matures.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- BBI and lunasine1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- 7 and 6 weeks, respectively, after floweringe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e1“BBI and lunasin appear at 7 and 6 weeks, respectively, after flowering and increase as the seed matures”
Claim · model-written summary
Daidzein and genistein decrease during seed maturation.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Daidzein and genisteine2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e2“Daidzein and genistein both decrease during seed maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprouting decreases lunasin and BBI contents in soybean seed.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Sproutinge4
- Outcome
- lunasin and BBI contentse4
- Direction
- decreasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e4“Sprouting decreases lunasin and BBI contents but increases isoflavones”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprouting increases isoflavone contents in soybean seed.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Sproutinge4
- Outcome
- isoflavonese4
- Direction
- increasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e4“Sprouting decreases lunasin and BBI contents but increases isoflavones”
Claim · model-written summary
Under light, BBI increases up to the 6th day after soaking, then decreases and disappears at the 9th day.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- During sprouting under lighte3
- Outcome
- BBIe3
- Direction
- increases up to the 6th daye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e3“During sprouting under light, BBI increases up to the 6th day and decreases thereafter, disappearing at the 9th day after soaking”
Claim · model-written summary
Under dark, BBI increases up to the 7th day after soaking, then decreases and disappears at the 10th day.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Under dark conditionse5
- Outcome
- BBIe5
- Direction
- increases up to the 7th daye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e5“Under dark conditions, BBI increases up to the 7th day after soaking and decreases thereafter, disappearing at the 10th day”
Claim · model-written summary
Lunasin starts to decrease at 2 days after soaking and disappears completely at 7 days under light and dark conditions.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Lunasine6
- Direction
- starts to decreasee6
- Qualifier
- disappears completely at 7 days under light and dark conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e6“Lunasin starts to decrease at 2 days after soaking and disappears completely at 7 days under light and dark conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Daidzein and genistein increase continuously during 10 days of soaking, more in the dark than under light.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- in the darke7
- Outcome
- Daidzein and genisteine7
- Direction
- increase moree7
- Comparator
- under light conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e7“Daidzein and genistein increase continuously during the 10 days of soaking, and both increase more in the dark than under light conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein extracts from early seed development suppressed cell viability more than extracts from later stages.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Protein extracts from early seed developmente3
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye3
- Direction
- suppresse3
- Comparator
- later stages (6-9 weeks)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e3“Protein extracts from early seed development (2-5 weeks after flowering) suppress cell viability to a greater degree than those from later stages (6-9 weeks)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein extracts from later seed stages inhibited foci formation more than extracts from early stages.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- protein extracts from later stagese4
- Outcome
- Inhibition of foci formatione4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- earlier stagese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e4“Inhibition of foci formation by protein extracts from later stages is greater than those from earlier stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Lunasin and BBI suppressed foci formation more than the isoflavones.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Lunasin and BBIe5
- Outcome
- foci formatione5
- Direction
- suppresse5
- Comparator
- the isoflavonese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e5“Lunasin and BBI suppress foci formation more than the isoflavones”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein extracts from early soaking times inhibited foci formation more and suppressed cell viability less than those from later soaking times.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Protein extracts from early soaking timese6
- Outcome
- foci formatione6
- Direction
- moree6
- Qualifier
- suppress cell viability lesse6
- Comparator
- later soaking timese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e6“Protein extracts from early soaking times inhibit foci formation more and suppress cell viability less than those from later soaking times”
Claim · model-written summary
Light and dark conditions did not change the bioactivities of protein extracts.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Light and dark conditionse7
- Outcome
- bioactivities of protein extractse7
- Direction
- no influencee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contents and Bioactivities of Lunasin, Bowman−Birk Inhibitor, and Isoflavones in Soybean Seed”
e7“Light and dark conditions have no influence on the bioactivities of protein extracts”
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.