Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils from "hortelã do campo" (Hyptis marrubioides), "alfazema-do-Brasil" (Aloysia gratissima) and "erva-baleeira" (Cordia verbenacea) and their efficacy in the treatment of soybean seeds infected with Colletotrichum truncatum. In vitro assays were performed to evaluate the effects of the oils on spore germination, mycelial growth, and the production and viability of C. truncatum conidia. Soybean seeds inoculated with C. truncatum were treated with essential oils at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2% and grown under greenhouse conditions. Seed health and germination percentages were evaluated according to standard protocols. Seedling emergence, stand establishment and the percentages of dead seedlings were determined, together with the emergence speed index, plantlet height and dry weight of aerial biomass. The oils from H. marrubioides, C. verbenacea and A. gratissima inhibited the germination and production of conidia as well as the growth of C. truncatum. At concentrations ≥ 1%, the effectiveness of the oils against soybean anthracnose was superior to, or at least comparable with, that of the fungicide carbendazim. The viability of conidia and the germination of soybean seeds were not affected by any of the treatments with essential oils. It is concluded that essential oils from H. marrubioides, A. gratissima and C. verbenacea have potential as alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the control of anthracnose in soybean seeds.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
H. marrubioides oil inhibited conidial germination and production and fungal growth.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- H. marrubioidese0
- Interactor
- C. truncatumColletotrichum truncatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination and production of conidia as well as the growth of C. truncatume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“The oils from H. marrubioides, C. verbenacea and A. gratissima inhibited the germination and production of conidia as well as the growth of C. truncatum.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. verbenacea oil inhibited conidial germination and production and fungal growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- C. verbenaceae0
- Interactor
- C. truncatumColletotrichum truncatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination and production of conidia as well as the growth of C. truncatume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“The oils from H. marrubioides, C. verbenacea and A. gratissima inhibited the germination and production of conidia as well as the growth of C. truncatum.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. gratissima oil inhibited conidial germination and production and fungal growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- A. gratissimae0
- Interactor
- C. truncatumColletotrichum truncatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination and production of conidia as well as the growth of C. truncatume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“soybean seeds”
e0“The oils from H. marrubioides, C. verbenacea and A. gratissima inhibited the germination and production of conidia as well as the growth of C. truncatum.”
Claim · model-written summary
At concentrations of at least 1%, oils were at least as effective against soybean anthracnose as carbendazim.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- oilse0
- Outcome
- effectiveness of the oils against soybean anthracnosee0
- Direction
- superior to, or at least comparable withe0
- Qualifier
- concentrations ≥ 1%e0
- Comparator
- fungicide carbendazime0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At concentrations ≥ 1%, the effectiveness of the oils against soybean anthracnose was superior to, or at least comparable with, that of the fungicide carbendazim.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil treatments did not affect C. truncatum conidial viability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- essential oilse0
- Outcome
- viability of conidiae0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The viability of conidia and the germination of soybean seeds were not affected by any of the treatments with essential oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil treatments did not affect soybean seed germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- essential oilse0
- Outcome
- germination of soybean seedse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The viability of conidia and the germination of soybean seeds were not affected by any of the treatments with essential oils.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider the oils potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides for soybean seed anthracnose.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the control of anthracnose in soybean seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oils from H. marrubioides, A. gratissima and C. verbenacea have potential as alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the control of anthracnose in soybean seeds.”
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