Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes display a marked difference in their ability to tolerate growth at low manganese (Mn) concentrations, a phenomenon designated as differential Mn efficiency. Induction of Mn deficiency in two genotypes differing in Mn efficiency led to a decline in the quantum yield efficiency for both, although faster in the Mn-inefficient genotype. Leaf tissue and thylakoid Mn concentrations were reduced under Mn deficiency, but no difference between genotypes was observed and no visual Mn deficiency symptoms were developed. Analysis of the fluorescence induction kinetics revealed that in addition to the usual O-J-I-P steps, clear K and D steps were developed in the Mn-inefficient genotype under Mn deficiency. These marked changes indicated damages to photosystem II (PSII). This was further substantiated by state transition measurements, indicating that the ability of plants to redistribute excitation energy was reduced. The percentage change in state transitions for control plants with normal Mn supply of both genotypes was 9% to 11%. However, in Mn-deficient leaves of the Mn-inefficient genotypes, state transitions were reduced to less than 1%, whereas no change was observed for the Mn-efficient genotypes. Immunoblotting and the chlorophyll a/b ratio confirmed that Mn deficiency in general resulted in a significant reduction in abundance of PSII reaction centers relative to the peripheral antenna. In addition, PSII appeared to be significantly more affected by Mn limitation than PSI. However, the striking genotypic differences observed in Mn-deficient plants, when analyzing state transitions and fluorescence induction kinetics, could not be correlated with specific changes in photosystem proteins. Thus, there is no simple linkage between protein expression and the differential reduction in state transition and fluorescence induction kinetics observed for the genotypes under Mn deficiency.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Mn deficiency reduced quantum yield efficiency in both barley genotypes, faster in the Mn-inefficient genotype.
- Taxon
- Barley
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Hordeum vulgaree1 - Material
- Mn-inefficient genotypee0
- Treatment
- Mn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- quantum yield efficiencye0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Induction of Mn deficiency in two genotypes differing in Mn efficiency led to a decline in the quantum yield efficiency for both, although faster in the Mn-inefficient genotype.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn deficiency reduced leaf tissue and thylakoid Mn concentrations without genotype differences.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Mn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Leaf tissue and thylakoid Mn concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf tissue and thylakoid Mn concentrations were reduced under Mn deficiency, but no difference between genotypes was observed and no visual Mn deficiency symptoms were developed.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
No visual Mn deficiency symptoms developed.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- no visual Mn deficiency symptoms were developede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf tissue and thylakoid Mn concentrations were reduced under Mn deficiency, but no difference between genotypes was observed and no visual Mn deficiency symptoms were developed.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The Mn-inefficient genotype developed clear K and D fluorescence induction steps under Mn deficiency.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- Mn-inefficient genotypee0
- Outcome
- clear K and D steps were developede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of the fluorescence induction kinetics revealed that in addition to the usual O-J-I-P steps, clear K and D steps were developed in the Mn-inefficient genotype under Mn deficiency.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn deficiency reduced the ability to redistribute excitation energy.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- ability of plants to redistribute excitation energye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was further substantiated by state transition measurements, indicating that the ability of plants to redistribute excitation energy was reduced.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Controls of both genotypes had 9% to 11% state transitions.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- normal Mn supplye0
- Outcome
- percentage change in state transitionse0
- Value
- 9% to 11%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage change in state transitions for control plants with normal Mn supply of both genotypes was 9% to 11%.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
State transitions in Mn-deficient, Mn-inefficient leaves fell below 1%.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- Mn-inefficient genotypese0
- Treatment
- Mn-deficiente0
- Outcome
- state transitionse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- less than 1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in Mn-deficient leaves of the Mn-inefficient genotypes, state transitions were reduced to less than 1%, whereas no change was observed for the Mn-efficient genotypes.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn-efficient genotypes showed no change in state transitions.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Material
- Mn-efficient genotypese0
- Treatment
- Mn-deficiente0
- Outcome
- state transitionse0
- Direction
- no changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, in Mn-deficient leaves of the Mn-inefficient genotypes, state transitions were reduced to less than 1%, whereas no change was observed for the Mn-efficient genotypes.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn deficiency significantly reduced PSII reaction-center abundance relative to peripheral antenna.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Mn deficiencye0
- Outcome
- abundance of PSII reaction centerse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- peripheral antennae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immunoblotting and the chlorophyll a/b ratio confirmed that Mn deficiency in general resulted in a significant reduction in abundance of PSII reaction centers relative to the peripheral antenna.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
PSII was significantly more affected by Mn limitation than PSI.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- PSIIe0
- Direction
- more affectede0
- Comparator
- PSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, PSII appeared to be significantly more affected by Mn limitation than PSI.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic differences in state transitions and fluorescence kinetics could not be correlated with specific photosystem protein changes.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- photosystem proteinse0
- Outcome
- state transitions and fluorescence induction kineticse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the striking genotypic differences observed in Mn-deficient plants, when analyzing state transitions and fluorescence induction kinetics, could not be correlated with specific changes in photosystem proteins.”
e1“Barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes”
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