Abstract
Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds were grown and matured in liquid medium at 25 degrees C under fluorescent light. In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24), precocious germination seldom occurred with a starting seed size of less than 300 milligrams fresh weight. Frequency of precocious germination increased with increased starting seed size. Sucrose concentration strongly affected precocious germination while glutamine concentration had no effect. Starting with 300 to 350 milligrams fresh weight seeds, treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds. Increasing the osmolality to 0.38 with sucrose or mannitol prevented precocious germination without reducing dry weight accumulation in seeds. In medium with initially low osmolality, precocious germination was inhibited by addition of 1 to 100 micromolar abscisic acid to the medium without a reduction in seed growth. During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro, precocious germination and other abnormal tissue growth can be prevented by high sucrose or mannitol concentrations in the medium or by addition of abscisic acid.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Small starting seeds seldom germinated precociously in standard medium.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe1 - Qualifier
- less than 300 milligrams fresh weighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precocious germination seldom occurred with a starting seed size of less than 300 milligrams fresh weight”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Precocious germination frequency increased with starting seed size.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Material
- starting seed sizee0
- Outcome
- Frequency of precocious germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Frequency of precocious germination increased with increased starting seed size”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose concentration strongly affected precocious germination.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sucrose concentration strongly affected precocious germination”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine concentration had no effect on precocious germination.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- glutamine concentratione0
- Outcome
- precocious germinatione3
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine concentration had no effect”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced sucrose or osmolality stimulated precocious germination.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Comparator
- standard mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced sucrose or osmolality increased fresh weight growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolalitye0
- Outcome
- fresh weight growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- standard mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced sucrose or osmolality did not increase dry weight growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolalitye3
- Comparator
- standard mediume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher osmolality with sucrose prevented precocious germination.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 0.38e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the osmolality to 0.38 with sucrose or mannitol prevented precocious germination without reducing dry weight accumulation in seeds”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher osmolality with mannitol prevented precocious germination.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- mannitole0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 0.38e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the osmolality to 0.38 with sucrose or mannitol prevented precocious germination without reducing dry weight accumulation in seeds”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher osmolality did not reduce dry weight accumulation.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- sucrose or mannitole0
- Outcome
- dry weight accumulatione0
- Direction
- without reducinge0
- Value
- 0.38e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the osmolality to 0.38 with sucrose or mannitol prevented precocious germination without reducing dry weight accumulation in seeds”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid inhibited germination at low osmolality.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 1 to 100 micromolar abscisic acide0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precocious germination was inhibited by addition of 1 to 100 micromolar abscisic acid to the medium without a reduction in seed growth”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid did not reduce seed growth.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 1 to 100 micromolar abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- seed growthe0
- Direction
- without a reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 1 to 100 micromolar abscisic acid to the medium without a reduction in seed growth”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
High sucrose or mannitol or abscisic acid can prevent abnormal in vitro seed growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Treatment
- high sucrose or mannitol concentrations in the medium or by addition of abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- precocious germination and other abnormal tissue growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precocious germination and other abnormal tissue growth can be prevented by high sucrose or mannitol concentrations in the medium or by addition of abscisic acid”
e1“Immature Glycine max (L.) Merrill seeds”
e2“In standard medium containing minerals, 146 millimolar sucrose and 62.5 millimolar glutamine (osmolality 0.24)”
e3“treatments which reduced the sucrose concentration or lowered the osmolality of the culture medium stimulated precocious germination, and increased the fresh weight growth but not the dry weight growth of seeds”
e4“During growth and maturation of large soybean seeds in vitro”
The same questions in other papers
glutamine · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
mannitol · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sucrose · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.