Abstract
The stimulatory role of lumichrome, a rhizosphere metabolite, was assessed on the growth of legume and cereal seedlings. At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass. In soybean and cowpea only, 5 nm lumichrome caused early initiation of trifoliate leaf development, expansion in unifoliate and trifoliate leaves, increased stem elongation and, as a result, an increase in shoot and plant total biomass relative to control. Lumichrome (5 nm) also increased leaf area in maize and sorghum, and thus raised shoot and total biomass but there was no effect on the leaf area of the other cereals. Root growth was also stimulated in sorghum and millet by the supply of 5 nm lumichrome. By contrast, the application of a higher dose of lumichrome (50 nm) depressed development of unifoliate leaves in soybean, the second trifoliate leaf in cowpea, and shoot biomass in soybean. The 50 nm concentration also consistently decreased root development in cowpea and millet, but had no effect on the other species. These data show that lumichrome is a rhizosphere signal molecule that affects seedling development in both monocots and dicots.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM promoted growth in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Treatment
- lumichromee1
- Outcome
- growth promotione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- (5 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM promoted growth in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- lumichromee1
- Outcome
- growth promotione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- (5 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM promoted growth in sorghum.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM promoted growth in millet.
- Taxon
- millete1
- Treatment
- lumichromee1
- Outcome
- growth promotione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Qualifier
- (5 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM promoted growth in maize.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM did not promote growth in common bean.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Treatment
- lumichromee1
- Outcome
- growth promotione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- (5 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM did not promote growth in Bambara groundnut.
- Taxon
- Bambara groundnut
Vigna subterraneae1 - Treatment
- lumichromee1
- Outcome
- growth promotione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- (5 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM did not promote growth in Sudan grass.
- Taxon
- Sudan grass
Sorghum ×drummondiie1 - Treatment
- lumichromee1
- Outcome
- growth promotione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- (5 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“At a very low nanomolar concentration (5 nm), lumichrome elicited growth promotion in cowpea, soybean, sorghum, millet and maize, but not in common bean, Bambara groundnut and Sudan grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM increased shoot and total biomass of soybean relative to control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 5 nm lumichromee1
- Outcome
- shoot and plant total biomasse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In soybean and cowpea only, 5 nm lumichrome caused early initiation of trifoliate leaf development, expansion in unifoliate and trifoliate leaves, increased stem elongation and, as a result, an increase in shoot and plant total biomass relative to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM increased shoot and total biomass of cowpea relative to control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- 5 nm lumichromee1
- Outcome
- shoot and plant total biomasse1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In soybean and cowpea only, 5 nm lumichrome caused early initiation of trifoliate leaf development, expansion in unifoliate and trifoliate leaves, increased stem elongation and, as a result, an increase in shoot and plant total biomass relative to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM increased leaf area and thus shoot and total biomass in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lumichrome (5 nm) also increased leaf area in maize and sorghum, and thus raised shoot and total biomass but there was no effect on the leaf area of the other cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM increased leaf area and thus shoot and total biomass in sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lumichrome (5 nm) also increased leaf area in maize and sorghum, and thus raised shoot and total biomass but there was no effect on the leaf area of the other cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM stimulated root growth in sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Root growth was also stimulated in sorghum and millet by the supply of 5 nm lumichrome”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 5 nM stimulated root growth in millet.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“Root growth was also stimulated in sorghum and millet by the supply of 5 nm lumichrome”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 50 nM depressed development of unifoliate leaves in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- higher dose of lumichromee1
- Outcome
- development of unifoliate leavese1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Qualifier
- (50 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By contrast, the application of a higher dose of lumichrome (50 nm) depressed development of unifoliate leaves in soybean, the second trifoliate leaf in cowpea, and shoot biomass in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 50 nM depressed development of the second trifoliate leaf in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- higher dose of lumichromee1
- Outcome
- the second trifoliate leafe1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Qualifier
- (50 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By contrast, the application of a higher dose of lumichrome (50 nm) depressed development of unifoliate leaves in soybean, the second trifoliate leaf in cowpea, and shoot biomass in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 50 nM decreased shoot biomass in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- higher dose of lumichromee1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse1
- Direction
- depressede1
- Qualifier
- (50 nm)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By contrast, the application of a higher dose of lumichrome (50 nm) depressed development of unifoliate leaves in soybean, the second trifoliate leaf in cowpea, and shoot biomass in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 50 nM decreased root development in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- The 50 nm concentratione1
- Outcome
- root developmente1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The 50 nm concentration also consistently decreased root development in cowpea and millet, but had no effect on the other species”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome at 50 nM decreased root development in millet.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“The 50 nm concentration also consistently decreased root development in cowpea and millet, but had no effect on the other species”
The same questions in other papers
lumichrome · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
lumichrome · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
lumichrome · growth · Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
lumichrome · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.