Abstract
Abstract The recovery of sucrose from sugarbeets ( Beta vulgaris L) has decreased in recent years while root yield has increased. Our objective was to determine the effect of N application rate and topping method on root yield and on the factors affecting recovery of sucrose‐sucrose content, purity, and storage loss. The effect of five N fertility levels (0, 67, 134, 202, and 269 kg/ha) on sugarbeet root yield, quality (percent sucrose and percent purity) and crown tissue size was investigated from 1975‐1977 in 10 field experiments in Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska. Crown tissue, the portion of the sugarbeet above the lowest leaf scar, increased from 10.64 to 16.03% of the total root weight as the N application rate increased from 0 to 260 kg/ha. Total root yield increased from 45.2 to 54.4 metric tons/ha over the same N range, but much of the yield increase was due to increase in crown size. Sucrose content and clarified juice purity (CJP) decreased 1.42 and 1.97% units, respectivdy, as the N application went from 0 to 269 kg/ha. The decrease in quality offset the increase in yield so that increasing rates of N had no significant effect upon yield of recoverable sucrose per ha. The extractable sucrose per metric ton of beets was reduced from 144.5 kg/ton for the 67 kg N/ha application to 128.6 kg/ton for the 269 kg N/ha application. Crown removal significantly reduced yield of recoverable sucrose per hectare but only increased extractable sucrose per ton from 136.7 to 140.0 kg/ton. Quality (sucrose and CJP) was improved both by proper topping and by N management, however, N management has a more dramatic effect upon quality. Total sucrose yield is reduced by topping, but not significantly affected by N application rate. Three N fertility levels (0, 134, and 269 kg/ha) and three topping methods (flailed, half‐topped, and topped) were evaluated for their effect on sucrose and quality changes in sugarbeet roots during storage in nine experiments. Failed beets had 27.4 and 25.5% less gross sucrose and recoverable sucrose losses than regular topped beets and 17.3 and 15.7% less gross suaose and recoverable sucrose lass than half‐topped beets. Method of topping had a significant effect upon sucrose losses in beets grown in all Iri levels. Nitrogen application rate had no significant effect upon gross sucrose or recoverable sucrose losses. Beet quality (extractable sucrose per metric ton) was higher in topped beets than flailed beets at harvest, but no difference existed between topping treatments after storage. Sucrose production per acre and beet quality was maximized with the low fertility, flailed treatments before and after storage.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Crown tissue increased from 10.64 to 16.03% of total root weight as the N application rate increased.
- Taxon
- Sugarbeets
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- N application ratee0
- Outcome
- Crown tissuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.64 to 16.03%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Crown tissue, the portion of the sugarbeet above the lowest leaf scar, increased from 10.64 to 16.03% of the total root weight as the N application rate increased from 0 to 260 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root yield increased from 45.2 to 54.4 metric tons/ha across the N range, largely due to larger crown size.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N application ratee0
- Outcome
- Total root yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 45.2 to 54.4 metric tons/hae1
- Qualifier
- much of the yield increase was due to increase in crown sizee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Crown tissue, the portion of the sugarbeet above the lowest leaf scar, increased from 10.64 to 16.03% of the total root weight as the N application rate increased from 0 to 260 kg/ha”
e1“Total root yield increased from 45.2 to 54.4 metric tons/ha over the same N range”
e2“but much of the yield increase was due to increase in crown size”
Claim · model-written summary
N application from 0 to 269 kg/ha decreased sucrose content by 1.42 units.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N applicatione1
- Outcome
- Sucrose contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.42e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Sucrose content and clarified juice purity (CJP) decreased 1.42 and 1.97% units”
e1“as the N application went from 0 to 269 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
N application from 0 to 269 kg/ha decreased clarified juice purity by 1.97 units.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N applicatione1
- Outcome
- clarified juice purity (CJP)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.97e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Sucrose content and clarified juice purity (CJP) decreased 1.42 and 1.97% units”
e1“as the N application went from 0 to 269 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Extractable sucrose per metric ton of beets was reduced from 144.5 to 128.6 kg/ton under 269 kg N/ha compared with 67 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 269 kg N/ha applicatione0
- Outcome
- extractable sucrose per metric ton of beetse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 128.6 kg/tone0
- Qualifier
- 144.5 kg/tone0
- Comparator
- 67 kg N/ha applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“The extractable sucrose per metric ton of beets was reduced from 144.5 kg/ton for the 67 kg N/ha application to 128.6 kg/ton for the 269 kg N/ha application”
Claim · model-written summary
Crown removal significantly reduced the yield of recoverable sucrose per hectare.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Crown removale0
- Outcome
- yield of recoverable sucrose per hectaree0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Crown removal significantly reduced yield of recoverable sucrose per hectare”
Claim · model-written summary
Crown removal increased extractable sucrose per ton from 136.7 to 140.0 kg/ton.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Crown removale0
- Outcome
- extractable sucrose per tone1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 136.7 to 140.0 kg/tone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Crown removal significantly reduced yield of recoverable sucrose per hectare”
e1“but only increased extractable sucrose per ton from 136.7 to 140.0 kg/ton”
Claim · model-written summary
Flailed beets had 27.4 and 25.5% less gross and recoverable sucrose losses than regular topped beets.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Failed beetse0
- Outcome
- gross sucrose and recoverable sucrose lossese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 27.4 and 25.5%e0
- Comparator
- regular topped beetse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Failed beets had 27.4 and 25.5% less gross sucrose and recoverable sucrose losses than regular topped beets”
Claim · model-written summary
Flailed beets had 17.3 and 15.7% less gross and recoverable sucrose losses than half-topped beets.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Failed beetse0
- Outcome
- gross sucrose and recoverable sucrose lossese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 17.3 and 15.7%e1
- Comparator
- half‐topped beetse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Failed beets had 27.4 and 25.5% less gross sucrose and recoverable sucrose losses than regular topped beets”
e1“17.3 and 15.7% less gross suaose and recoverable sucrose lass than half‐topped beets”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping method had a significant effect on sucrose losses during storage.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Method of toppinge0
- Outcome
- sucrose lossese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Method of topping had a significant effect upon sucrose losses”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate had no significant effect on gross or recoverable sucrose losses.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application ratee0
- Outcome
- gross sucrose or recoverable sucrose lossese0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Nitrogen application rate had no significant effect upon gross sucrose or recoverable sucrose losses”
Claim · model-written summary
Topped beets had higher extractable sucrose per ton than flailed beets at harvest.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- topped beetse0
- Outcome
- Beet quality (extractable sucrose per metric ton)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
- Comparator
- flailed beetse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Beet quality (extractable sucrose per metric ton) was higher in topped beets than flailed beets at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
After storage, beet quality did not differ between topping treatments.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- topping treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Beet qualitye0
- Direction
- no differencee1
- Qualifier
- after storagee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Beet quality (extractable sucrose per metric ton) was higher in topped beets than flailed beets at harvest”
e1“but no difference existed between topping treatments after storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose production per acre and beet quality were maximized with low fertility and flailed treatments before and after storage.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- low fertility, flailed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Sucrose production per acre and beet qualitye0
- Direction
- maximizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Sucrose production per acre and beet quality was maximized with the low fertility, flailed treatments before and after storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping reduced total sucrose yield.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- toppinge0
- Outcome
- Total sucrose yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Total sucrose yield is reduced by topping, but not significantly affected by N application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
N application rate did not significantly affect total sucrose yield.
- Taxon
- SugarbeetsBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N application ratee0
- Outcome
- Total sucrose yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Storage Losses in Sugarbeets”
e0“Total sucrose yield is reduced by topping, but not significantly affected by N application rate”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.