Abstract
NIV chemotypes of F graminearum were widely distributed in western part of Japan and the isolation frequency was higher than that of DON chemotypes, and moreover, their virulence would be considerably high. We tested hypothesis that prevalence of NIV chemotype in Japan is related to rice cropping. Artificial inoculation of F graminearum caused disease on rice and salmon-pink sporodochia were observed on the diseased rice glumes. Our preliminary tests using isolates differing in trichothecene chemotype suggested that virulence of F graminearum isolates against rice may be different from that against wheat and barley. Use of appropriate fungicides is most important and effective practice to control FHB. Therefore, re-evaluation of registered fungicides and screening new candidates for control of mycotoxin contamination are considered mandatory. We found that six chemicals; metoconazole, tebuconazole, captan, thiofanate-methyl, oxine-copper, and phosphorous acid would control DON and NIV. On the contrary, treatment of azoxystrobin significantly increased the level of DON and NIV compared to the control plots, even though it reduced disease severity of FHB. Lodging also seems to be an important risk factor in mycotoxin production. A case-control study and invention trials were done to clarify effect of lodging on the accumulation of DON and NIV. The concentration of DON+NIV in lodged crop was higher than that of non-lodged one and the mycotoxins production was increased 30% even after 5-7 days lodging. These results suggest that appropriate management practices e.g. cultivar or fertilization to avoid lodging should be required for reduction of mycotoxin contamination.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NIV chemotypes were more frequent than DON chemotypes in western Japan.
- Interactor
- F graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- isolation frequencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- DON chemotypese0
- Setting
- western part of Japane0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“NIV chemotypes of F graminearum were widely distributed in western part of Japan and the isolation frequency was higher than that of DON chemotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
F. graminearum inoculation caused disease on rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Artificial inoculation of F graminearume0
- Interactor
- F graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Artificial inoculation of F graminearum caused disease on rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sporodochia appeared on diseased rice glumes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- glumese0
- Outcome
- salmon-pink sporodochiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salmon-pink sporodochia were observed on the diseased rice glumes”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium virulence may differ among rice, wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- F graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- virulence of F graminearum isolatese0
- Comparator
- wheat and barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“virulence of F graminearum isolates against rice may be different from that against wheat and barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Six named chemicals were reported to control DON and NIV.
- Treatment
- metoconazole, tebuconazole, captan, thiofanate-methyl, oxine-copper, and phosphorous acide0
- Outcome
- DON and NIVe0
- Direction
- controle0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“six chemicals; metoconazole, tebuconazole, captan, thiofanate-methyl, oxine-copper, and phosphorous acid would control DON and NIV”
t0“Fusarium head blight disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin increased DON and NIV compared with controls.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“treatment of azoxystrobin significantly increased the level of DON and NIV compared to the control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin reduced FHB disease severity.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“it reduced disease severity of FHB”
Claim · model-written summary
Lodged crops had higher DON and NIV concentrations than non-lodged crops.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of DON+NIV in lodged crop was higher than that of non-lodged one”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycotoxin production increased 30% after 5–7 days of lodging.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“mycotoxins production was increased 30% even after 5-7 days lodging”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend management to avoid lodging and reduce contamination.
- Outcome
- management practices e.g. cultivar or fertilization to avoid lodginge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“appropriate management practices e.g. cultivar or fertilization to avoid lodging should be required for reduction of mycotoxin contamination”
The same questions in other papers
captan · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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azoxystrobin · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
19 in the opposite direction
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See all 20 papers →tebuconazole · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
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See all 26 papers →inoculation · Fusarium graminearum · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.