Abstract
Abstract Quantitative measurements are needed to determine the effects of irrigation on production rates of dry matter and leaf area of soybeans [ Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]. A field experiment was conducted on a Typic Albaqualf (Crowley silt loam) and a Vertic Fluvaquent (Kobel clay) for three seasons. The objectives were to evaluate dry matter and leaf area production and to use growth analysis techniques to quantify these growth rates for irrigated (I) and nonirrigated (N) soybeans. Growth analysis parameters computed include crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf weight ratio (LWR), and specific leaf area (SLA). Little or no plant response to irrigation was found during the wetter than normal season in 1974. Differences in plant growth due to soil moisture regime were obtained in the two dry seasons (1975 and 1976). These differences initially were found during late vegetation and early bloom growth stages in both leaves and stems on or near the same date. Generally, the irrigated soybeans accumulated greater amounts of dry matter and leaf area and had higher seed yields than did the nonirrigated soybeans. Values of crop growth rate for I and N soybeans increased to a maximum during late July and early August of 1974 and declined thereafter. Similar results were found with the I soybeans in 1975. The period of maximum CGR corresponded to late vegetative and early reproductive growth. The maximum CGR of the N soybeans was found at mid‐August during 1975, the season when rainfall deficits were observed. This period of maximum CGR corresponded to mid‐podfill growth stages. Values of relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio were highest during early vegetative growth and decreased as the season progressed. Generally, in a given year the I soybeans had greater values of the growth parameters during reproductive stages. The decline of LAR of the N soybeans during 1975 was attributed to the decrease in leaf weight ratio during vegetative growth and to the decrease in both LWR and specific leaf area during reproductive growth. The greater LAR values of the I soybeans during reproductive growth was due to the longer period during which the assimilates were converted to leaf area production.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans had little or no irrigation response in the wet 1974 season.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- plant responsee0
- Direction
- Little or noe0
- Qualifier
- wetter than normal season in 1974e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Little or no plant response to irrigation was found during the wetter than normal season in 1974.”
e1“soybeans [ Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture regime caused growth differences in the dry seasons of 1975 and 1976.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- soil moisture regimee0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- two dry seasons (1975 and 1976)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in plant growth due to soil moisture regime were obtained in the two dry seasons (1975 and 1976).”
e1“soybeans [ Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth differences appeared first in leaves and stems during late vegetation and early bloom.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- late vegetation and early bloom growth stagese0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Qualifier
- both leaves and stems on or near the same datee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These differences initially were found during late vegetation and early bloom growth stages in both leaves and stems on or near the same date.”
e1“soybeans [ Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated soybeans accumulated more dry matter and leaf area than nonirrigated soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- irrigatede0
- Outcome
- dry matter and leaf areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nonirrigated soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the irrigated soybeans accumulated greater amounts of dry matter and leaf area and had higher seed yields than did the nonirrigated soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated soybeans had higher seed yields than nonirrigated soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- irrigatede0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nonirrigated soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the irrigated soybeans accumulated greater amounts of dry matter and leaf area and had higher seed yields than did the nonirrigated soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop growth rates of irrigated and nonirrigated soybeans peaked in late July or early August 1974, then declined.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- increased to a maximume0
- Qualifier
- late July and early August of 1974e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of crop growth rate for I and N soybeans increased to a maximum during late July and early August of 1974 and declined thereafter.”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated soybean crop growth rate showed a similar seasonal pattern in 1975.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee1
- Qualifier
- in 1975e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were found with the I soybeans in 1975.”
e1“Values of crop growth rate for I and N soybeans increased to a maximum during late July and early August of 1974 and declined thereafter.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum crop growth rate corresponded to late vegetative and early reproductive growth.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- late vegetative and early reproductive growthe0
- Outcome
- maximum CGRe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The period of maximum CGR corresponded to late vegetative and early reproductive growth.”
e1“soybeans [ Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonirrigated soybean crop growth rate peaked in mid-August 1975 during rainfall deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- maximum CGRe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- mid‐August during 1975e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum CGR of the N soybeans was found at mid‐August during 1975, the season when rainfall deficits were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The nonirrigated crop growth rate peak corresponded to mid-podfill.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- mid‐podfill growth stagese0
- Outcome
- maximum CGRe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This period of maximum CGR corresponded to mid‐podfill growth stages.”
e1“The maximum CGR of the N soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio were highest early in vegetative growth and declined thereafter.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- early vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Values of relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio were highest during early vegetative growth and decreased as the season progressed.”
e1“soybeans [ Glycine max. (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated soybeans generally had greater growth parameter values during reproductive stages in a given year.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagese0
- Treatment
- I soybeanse0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- nonirrigated (N) soybeanse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, in a given year the I soybeans had greater values of the growth parameters during reproductive stages.”
e1“nonirrigated (N) soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1975 decline in nonirrigated soybean leaf area ratio was attributed to reduced leaf weight ratio during vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- decline of LARe0
- Qualifier
- decrease in leaf weight ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decline of LAR of the N soybeans during 1975 was attributed to the decrease in leaf weight ratio during vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1975 decline in nonirrigated soybean leaf area ratio during reproduction was attributed to reduced leaf weight ratio and specific leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- reproductive growthe0
- Outcome
- decline of LARe1
- Qualifier
- decrease in both LWR and specific leaf areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to the decrease in both LWR and specific leaf area during reproductive growth.”
e1“The decline of LAR of the N soybeans during 1975”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher leaf area ratio in irrigated reproductive soybeans was attributed to a longer period of assimilate conversion into leaf area.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive growthe0
- Outcome
- greater LAR valuese0
- Qualifier
- longer period during which the assimilates were converted to leaf area productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greater LAR values of the I soybeans during reproductive growth was due to the longer period during which the assimilates were converted to leaf area production.”
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