Abstract
Abstract Annual grasses create serious problems during turfgrass establishment from sod and from seed. Field studies were conducted to determine tbe effects of the preemergence herbicides oxadiazon [2‐ tert ‐butyl‐4(2,4‐dichloro‐5‐isopropoxyphenyl)‐Δ 2 ‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolin‐5‐one], prosulfalin [N‐[[4‐(dipropylamino)‐3,5 dinitropheny]]sulfonyl]‐S,S‐dimethylsulfilimine], and siduron [1‐(2 methylclyclohexyl)‐3‐phenylurea] on the establishment of three bermudagrasses [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers. ‘Midron’, and ‘Tufcote’ and Cynodon transvaalenis × Cynodon dactylon ‘Tifway’] from sod and perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L. ‘Manhattan’] from seed. Sod was placed on tilled silt loam soil (Typic Hapludults), allowed 28 days for root development, and lifted vertically using force required as a measure of root development. Excellent root growth occurred from sod of the three bermudagrasses immediately after application of oxadiazon at 3.4 kg ha −1 (1× or normal use rate). Root development of bermudagrasses was reduced at 6.7 kg ha −1 of oxadiazon; however, satisfactory root growth was still apparent. Prosulfalin at 3.4 kg ha −1 and siduron at 11.2 kg ha −1 (1× or normal use rates) severely inhibited rooting of the three bermudagrasses from sod. Perennial ryegrass establishment in the fall was inhibited when seeded within 5 weeks after oxadiazon application at 4.5 kg ha −1 . Both oxadiazon or prosulfalin at 3.4 kg ha −1 reduced perennial ryegrass seedling establishment when the application was within 1 week prior to seeding. Normal seedling development occurred when perennial ryegrass was seeded at 10 weeks after prosulfalin or oxadiazon applications. Siduron had no effect on perennial ryegrass seedling growth and development.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Oxadiazon applied at the normal rate gave excellent root growth from bermudagrass sod.
- Taxon
- bermudagrasses
Cynodon dactylone0 - Organ / stage
- sode0
- Treatment
- application of oxadiazone0
- Outcome
- Excellent root growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excellent root growth occurred from sod of the three bermudagrasses immediately after application of oxadiazon”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher oxadiazon dose reduced bermudagrass root development, although satisfactory root growth remained.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassesCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- oxadiazone2
- Outcome
- Root developmente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- satisfactory root growth was still apparente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Root development of bermudagrasses was reduced”
e2“of oxadiazon; however, satisfactory root growth was still apparent”
Claim · model-written summary
Prosulfalin severely inhibited rooting of bermudagrass from sod.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassesCynodon dactylone3
- Organ / stage
- sode3
- Treatment
- Prosulfaline4
- Outcome
- rootinge3
- Direction
- severely inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“severely inhibited rooting of the three bermudagrasses from sod”
e4“Prosulfalin at”
Claim · model-written summary
Siduron severely inhibited rooting of bermudagrass from sod.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassesCynodon dactylone3
- Organ / stage
- sode3
- Treatment
- sidurone4
- Outcome
- rootinge3
- Direction
- severely inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“severely inhibited rooting of the three bermudagrasses from sod”
e4“and siduron at”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass establishment in the fall was inhibited when seeded within 5 weeks after oxadiazon application.
- Taxon
- Perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Treatment
- oxadiazon applicatione0
- Outcome
- establishmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- seeded within 5 weeks aftere0
- Setting
- in the falle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Perennial ryegrass establishment in the fall was inhibited when seeded within 5 weeks after oxadiazon application”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxadiazon or prosulfalin applied within 1 week before seeding reduced perennial ryegrass seedling establishment.
- Taxon
- Perennial ryegrassLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- oxadiazon or prosulfaline5
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- within 1 week prior to seedinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Both oxadiazon or prosulfalin at”
e1“reduced perennial ryegrass seedling establishment when the application was within 1 week prior to seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal perennial ryegrass seedling development occurred when seeded 10 weeks after prosulfalin or oxadiazon applications.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee6
- Treatment
- prosulfalin or oxadiazon applicationse6
- Outcome
- Normal seedling developmente6
- Qualifier
- at 10 weekse6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Normal seedling development occurred when perennial ryegrass was seeded at 10 weeks after prosulfalin or oxadiazon applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Siduron had no effect on perennial ryegrass seedling growth and development.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee7
- Treatment
- Sidurone7
- Outcome
- seedling growth and developmente7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Siduron had no effect on perennial ryegrass seedling growth and development”
The same questions in other papers
Oxadiazon · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Siduron · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.