Abstract
Identification of the primary response to salinity is of great importance in order to develop salt tolerant species. In this work the effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied. After establishing an osmotic shock by adding NaCl to the root medium, three consecutive events could be distinguished. First, there was a sudden interruption of leaf growth, followed by a period of retardation of growth, and then by a restoration of growth to reach the steady‐state growth rate. High calcium (5 m M ) in the growth medium diminished the initial loss of water in the roots and kept the water content higher upon restoration of leaf growth, as compared to low calcium levels (0.5 m M ). During the low calcium treatment, leaf malate started to increase already 3 h after the start of the osmotic treatment, showing a maximum concentration at around 9 h, then decreasing and approaching the value of control plants. At high calcium, malate concentration remained unchanged with time. Plants grown in the presence of low calcium showed an increase in the concentration of total amino acids upon NaCl shock. It is estimated that organic metabolites, if confined to the cell cytoplasm, contribute significantly to the osmotic adjustment, together with inorganic ions. Our results support the hypothesis that water shortage in the roots is responsible for the initial inhibition of leaf elongation. The beneficial effect of calcium on restoration of growth after the NaCl shock is a consequence of short‐term, energetically expensive osmotic adjustment, in which mainly organic metabolites are involved. Under steady state conditions, high calcium treatment results in a faster growth rate than low calcium. In a process of osmotic adjustment, in which inorganic ions are principally involved, this is the result of a decrease in leaf Na + concentration in expanding leaves, together with an increase in K + and Ca 2+ .
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Adding NaCl to the root medium caused a sudden interruption of leaf growth in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Treatment
- adding NaCl to the root mediume1
- Outcome
- leaf growthe2
- Qualifier
- sudden interruptione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e1“After establishing an osmotic shock by adding NaCl to the root medium, three consecutive events could be distinguished”
e2“First, there was a sudden interruption of leaf growth, followed by a period of retardation of growth, and then by a restoration of growth to reach the steady‐state growth rate”
Claim · model-written summary
After the NaCl shock, leaf growth of Phaseolus vulgaris was retarded for a period.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Treatment
- adding NaCl to the root mediume1
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Qualifier
- period of retardation of growthe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e1“After establishing an osmotic shock by adding NaCl to the root medium, three consecutive events could be distinguished”
e2“First, there was a sudden interruption of leaf growth, followed by a period of retardation of growth, and then by a restoration of growth to reach the steady‐state growth rate”
Claim · model-written summary
After the NaCl shock, leaf growth of Phaseolus vulgaris was restored to the steady-state growth rate.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Treatment
- adding NaCl to the root mediume1
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Qualifier
- restoration of growth to reach the steady‐state growth ratee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e1“After establishing an osmotic shock by adding NaCl to the root medium, three consecutive events could be distinguished”
e2“First, there was a sudden interruption of leaf growth, followed by a period of retardation of growth, and then by a restoration of growth to reach the steady‐state growth rate”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium (5 mM) diminished the initial loss of water in the roots after the NaCl shock, compared with low calcium (0.5 mM).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- High calcium (5 m M )e3
- Outcome
- initial loss of water in the rootse3
- Direction
- diminishede3
- Comparator
- low calcium levels (0.5 m M )e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e3“High calcium (5 m M ) in the growth medium diminished the initial loss of water in the roots and kept the water content higher upon restoration of leaf growth, as compared to low calcium levels (0.5 m M )”
Claim · model-written summary
High calcium (5 mM) kept the water content of Phaseolus vulgaris higher upon restoration of leaf growth than low calcium (0.5 mM).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Treatment
- High calcium (5 m M )e3
- Outcome
- water contente3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- upon restoration of leaf growthe3
- Comparator
- low calcium levels (0.5 m M )e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e3“High calcium (5 m M ) in the growth medium diminished the initial loss of water in the roots and kept the water content higher upon restoration of leaf growth, as compared to low calcium levels (0.5 m M )”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low calcium, leaf malate started to increase 3 h after the osmotic treatment began, relative to control plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Organ / stage
- leafe4
- Treatment
- low calcium treatmente4
- Outcome
- leaf malatee4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- already 3 h after the start of the osmotic treatmente4
- Comparator
- control plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e4“During the low calcium treatment, leaf malate started to increase already 3 h after the start of the osmotic treatment, showing a maximum concentration at around 9 h, then decreasing and approaching the value of control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low calcium, leaf malate reached a maximum concentration at around 9 h after the osmotic treatment.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Organ / stage
- leafe4
- Treatment
- low calcium treatmente4
- Outcome
- leaf malatee4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Qualifier
- at around 9 he4
- Comparator
- control plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e4“During the low calcium treatment, leaf malate started to increase already 3 h after the start of the osmotic treatment, showing a maximum concentration at around 9 h, then decreasing and approaching the value of control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low calcium, leaf malate then decreased towards the value of control plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Organ / stage
- leafe4
- Treatment
- low calcium treatmente4
- Outcome
- leaf malatee4
- Direction
- decreasinge4
- Qualifier
- approaching the value of control plantse4
- Comparator
- control plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e4“During the low calcium treatment, leaf malate started to increase already 3 h after the start of the osmotic treatment, showing a maximum concentration at around 9 h, then decreasing and approaching the value of control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high calcium, leaf malate concentration remained unchanged over time after the osmotic treatment.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Treatment
- At high calciume5
- Outcome
- malate concentratione5
- Direction
- remained unchangede5
- Qualifier
- with timee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e5“At high calcium, malate concentration remained unchanged with time”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants grown under low calcium showed an increase in total amino acid concentration upon NaCl shock.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Treatment
- NaCl shocke6
- Outcome
- concentration of total amino acidse6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Qualifier
- grown in the presence of low calciume6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e6“Plants grown in the presence of low calcium showed an increase in the concentration of total amino acids upon NaCl shock”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic metabolites, if confined to the cell cytoplasm, contribute significantly to osmotic adjustment in Phaseolus vulgaris together with inorganic ions.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Compound
- organic metabolitese7
- Outcome
- osmotic adjustmente7
- Qualifier
- if confined to the cell cytoplasme7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e7“It is estimated that organic metabolites, if confined to the cell cytoplasm, contribute significantly to the osmotic adjustment, together with inorganic ions”
Claim · model-written summary
Water shortage in the roots is responsible for the initial inhibition of leaf elongation in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Outcome
- initial inhibition of leaf elongatione2
- Qualifier
- water shortage in the rootse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e2“Our results support the hypothesis that water shortage in the roots is responsible for the initial inhibition of leaf elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
The beneficial effect of calcium on restoration of growth after the NaCl shock is a consequence of short-term, energetically expensive osmotic adjustment with mainly organic metabolites.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Compound
- organic metabolitese2
- Outcome
- restoration of growthe2
- Qualifier
- short‐term, energetically expensive osmotic adjustmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e2“The beneficial effect of calcium on restoration of growth after the NaCl shock is a consequence of short‐term, energetically expensive osmotic adjustment, in which mainly organic metabolites are involved”
Claim · model-written summary
Under steady-state conditions, high calcium gave a faster growth rate than low calcium in Phaseolus vulgaris.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Treatment
- high calcium treatmente2
- Outcome
- growth ratee2
- Direction
- fastere2
- Qualifier
- Under steady state conditionse2
- Comparator
- low calciume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e2“Under steady state conditions, high calcium treatment results in a faster growth rate than low calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
The faster growth rate under high calcium results from lower leaf Na+ concentration in expanding leaves, with higher K+ and Ca2+.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Material
- cv. Contendere0
- Organ / stage
- expanding leavese2
- Compound
- Na +e2
- Outcome
- growth ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“effect of a NaCl osmotic shock on leaf elongation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender has been studied”
e1“Under steady state conditions, high calcium treatment results in a faster growth rate than low calcium”
e2“In a process of osmotic adjustment, in which inorganic ions are principally involved, this is the result of a decrease in leaf Na + concentration in expanding leaves, together with an increase in K + and Ca 2+”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.