Abstract
Abstract Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and wild oats ( Avena fatua L.) are widespread and competitive weeds in winter grain fields of western Oregon and Washington. A new herbicide, HOE 23408 {methyl 2‐[4‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] propanoate}, has shown promise for selective control of both species. Field studies were conducted at 12 locations in 1974–75 and 1975–76 to evaluate the effectiveness and consistency of weed control with HOE 23408 in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and to measure the influence of removing ryegrass and wild oats on wheat grain yields. HOE 23408 was applied preemergence, early postemergence (two to three‐leaf stage), and late postemergence (tillering stage) at rates from 0.84 to 2.24 kg/ha. When applied preemergence, HOE 23408 gave adequate control of ryegrass when the seedbed was relatively free of clods and plant residues but wild oat control was erratic. Nearly complete control of both species was obtained from all postemergence treatments at rates as low as 0.84 kg/ha. Increases in wheat grain yield were often dramatic; in one case, the increase over the untreated control was 6,000 kg/ha from treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergence. Average yields from this treatment exceeded yields from plots treated with diuron [3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea], barban (4‐chloro‐2‐butynyl m ‐chlorocarbanilate), and triallate [ S ‐(2,3,3‐trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] by 2,170, 1,280, and 1,580 kg/ha, respectively. Results indicate that HOE 23408 has considerable potential for control of ryegrass and wild oats and that large increases in yield of wheat grain can be expected when severe infestations of these weeds are controlled.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence HOE 23408 adequately controlled ryegrass when seedbeds had few clods and residues.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- HOE 23408e0
- Outcome
- control of ryegrasse0
- Direction
- adequate controle0
- Qualifier
- seedbed was relatively free of clods and plant residuese0
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied preemergence, HOE 23408 gave adequate control of ryegrass when the seedbed was relatively free of clods and plant residues”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence HOE 23408 gave erratic wild oat control.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- HOE 23408e0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wild oat controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When applied preemergence, HOE 23408 gave adequate control of ryegrass when the seedbed was relatively free of clods and plant residues but wild oat control was erratic.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence HOE 23408 at 0.84 kg/ha nearly completely controlled ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- postemergence treatments at rates as low as 0.84 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorume1weed - Outcome
- control of both speciese0
- Direction
- Nearly complete controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nearly complete control of both species was obtained from all postemergence treatments at rates as low as 0.84 kg/ha.”
e1“Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and wild oats ( Avena fatua L.)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence HOE 23408 at 0.84 kg/ha nearly completely controlled wild oats.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- postemergence treatments at rates as low as 0.84 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- control of both speciese0
- Direction
- Nearly complete controle0
AvenaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nearly complete control of both species was obtained from all postemergence treatments at rates as low as 0.84 kg/ha.”
e1“Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and wild oats ( Avena fatua L.)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Early postemergence 1.12 kg/ha treatment increased wheat grain yield by 6,000 kg/ha over untreated control in one case.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergencee0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6,000 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase over the untreated control was 6,000 kg/ha from treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergence.”
e1“Increases in wheat grain yield were often dramatic”
Claim · model-written summary
HOE 23408 treatment exceeded diuron wheat grain yield by 2,170 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergencee2
- Outcome
- Average yieldse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 2,170e0
- Comparator
- diurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields from this treatment exceeded yields from plots treated with diuron [3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea], barban (4‐chloro‐2‐butynyl m ‐chlorocarbanilate), and triallate [ S ‐(2,3,3‐trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] by 2,170, 1,280, and 1,580 kg/ha, respectively.”
e1“Increases in wheat grain yield were often dramatic”
e2“treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergence”
Claim · model-written summary
HOE 23408 treatment exceeded barban wheat grain yield by 1,280 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergencee2
- Outcome
- Average yieldse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 1,280e0
- Comparator
- barbane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields from this treatment exceeded yields from plots treated with diuron [3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea], barban (4‐chloro‐2‐butynyl m ‐chlorocarbanilate), and triallate [ S ‐(2,3,3‐trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] by 2,170, 1,280, and 1,580 kg/ha, respectively.”
e1“Increases in wheat grain yield were often dramatic”
e2“treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergence”
Claim · model-written summary
HOE 23408 treatment exceeded triallate wheat grain yield by 1,580 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergencee2
- Outcome
- Average yieldse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 1,580 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- triallatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average yields from this treatment exceeded yields from plots treated with diuron [3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea], barban (4‐chloro‐2‐butynyl m ‐chlorocarbanilate), and triallate [ S ‐(2,3,3‐trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] by 2,170, 1,280, and 1,580 kg/ha, respectively.”
e1“Increases in wheat grain yield were often dramatic”
e2“treatment at 1.12 kg/ha applied early postemergence”
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