Paper · 1988 · Soil Science Society of America Journal

Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop

M. Sarrantonio; T. W. Scott

13
claims
27
verbatim quotes
114
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1984 through 1986 to investigate the release of inorganic N to corn ( Zea mays L.) following a winter annual green manure crop of hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) that had either been plowed down to 22 cm (conventional tillage, CT), or killed and left on the surface (no‐till, NT). Soil samples were taken regularly throughout the season at three depths (0–7.5 cm, 7.5–22 cm and 22–45 cm) and analyzed for inorganic N. Crop growth and N uptake, as well as various other plant, soil and environmental parameters were also monitored. First year data (1985) show that soil inorganic N concentration in vetch treatments was higher under CT than NT, and it was more evenly distributed throughout the plow layer. Both corn yields and N uptake, however, were significantly higher in the NT system, probably because of higher soil moisture content in a dry summer. Vetch did not stimulate significant yield increases over 0‐N control plots in either tillage system, although there was greater N uptake by corn in vetch treatments. Under NT, 29% of the original N in the above‐ground vetch biomass was measured either as soil inorganic N or corn N. Under CT, 56% of the original vetch N was measured. A repeat of the first experiment was conducted in 1986. Again, higher levels of inorganic N occurred under CT than under NT where vetch had been grown. Contrary to the results of 1985, corn yields were significantly higher in CT treatments than NT treatments at all N levels, and both corn yield and N uptake were significantly higher in vetch treatments than control treatments under both tillage systems. Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively.

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Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In 1985, soil inorganic N in vetch treatments was higher under conventional tillage than under no-till.

Treatment
vetch treatmentse1
Outcome
soil inorganic N concentratione1
Direction
highere1
Comparator
NTe1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“soil inorganic N concentration in vetch treatments was higher under CT than NT”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 607–685 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

In 1985, corn yields and N uptake were significantly higher under no-till than under conventional tillage.

Treatment
NT systeme2
Outcome
corn yields and N uptakee2
Direction
significantly highere2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Both corn yields and N uptake, however, were significantly higher in the NT system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–831 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The higher corn yields and N uptake under no-till in 1985 were probably due to higher soil moisture in a dry summer.

Outcome
corn yields and N uptakee2
Qualifier
higher soil moisture content in a dry summere3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e2

“Both corn yields and N uptake, however, were significantly higher in the NT system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 749–831 · show in text ↑
e3

“probably because of higher soil moisture content in a dry summer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 833–897 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vetch did not significantly increase corn yield over the 0-N control in either tillage system.

Treatment
Vetche4
Outcome
yielde4
Direction
did not stimulate significant yield increasese4
Comparator
0‐N control plotse4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e4

“Vetch did not stimulate significant yield increases over 0‐N control plots in either tillage system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 899–998 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Corn took up more N in vetch treatments than in control treatments in 1985.

Treatment
vetch treatmentse5
Outcome
N uptake by corne5
Direction
greatere5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e5

“there was greater N uptake by corn in vetch treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1009–1063 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In 1986, higher levels of inorganic N occurred under conventional tillage than under no-till where vetch had been grown.

Treatment
CTe6
Outcome
levels of inorganic Ne6
Direction
highere6
Comparator
NTe6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e6

“Again, higher levels of inorganic N occurred under CT than under NT where vetch had been grown”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1290–1384 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

In 1986, corn yields were significantly higher under conventional tillage than under no-till at all N levels.

Treatment
CT treatmentse7
Outcome
corn yieldse7
Direction
significantly highere7
Comparator
NT treatmentse7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e7

“Contrary to the results of 1985, corn yields were significantly higher in CT treatments than NT treatments at all N levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1386–1508 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

In 1986, corn yield and N uptake were significantly higher in vetch treatments than in control treatments under both tillage systems.

Treatment
vetch treatmentse6
Outcome
corn yield and N uptakee6
Direction
significantly highere6
Comparator
control treatmentse6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e6

“both corn yield and N uptake were significantly higher in vetch treatments than control treatments under both tillage systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1514–1639 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under no-till in 1985, 29% of the original N in the above-ground vetch biomass was measured as soil inorganic N or corn N.

Treatment
NTe1
Outcome
original N in the above‐ground vetch biomasse1
Value
29%e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“Under NT, 29% of the original N in the above‐ground vetch biomass was measured either as soil inorganic N or corn N”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1065–1180 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under conventional tillage in 1985, 56% of the original vetch N was measured in soil or corn.

Treatment
CTe1
Outcome
original vetch Ne1
Value
56%e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“Under CT, 56% of the original vetch N was measured”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1182–1232 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In late October 1986, 22% of the original vetch N was measured under no-till.

Treatment
NTe1
Outcome
original vetch Ne1
Value
22%e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1641–1806 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In late October 1986, 55% of the original vetch N was measured under conventional tillage.

Treatment
CTe1
Outcome
original vetch Ne1
Value
55%e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1641–1806 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maximum inorganic N levels in the soil were measured in late October 1986.

Outcome
Maximum inorganic N levelse1
Direction
were measurede1
Setting
in late October in 1986e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Tillage Effects on Availability of Nitrogen to Corn Following a Winter Green Manure Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–88 · show in text ↑
e1

“Maximum inorganic N levels were measured in late October in 1986, when 22% and 55% of the original vetch N was measured under NT and CT tillage systems, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1641–1806 · show in text ↑

tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

1,099 papers: 812 positive, 287 negative or no effect

811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.