Abstract
The success of the pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) as a new crop for intensive horticultural areas relies on shortening the growing cycle and on securing a high standard of fruit quality. Irrigation with saline water and ethephon sprayings could be useful in achieving these goals. Two consecutive pepino crops consisting of two hybrids and their four parents were grown in the autumn–winter cycle. Plants were irrigated with water having electrical conductivities of 3 or 8 dS m−1 and full sized fruits were sprayed with ethephon at 0 or 500 mg l−1 . Salinity reduced yield and fruit size, although this effect was less important in the hybrids, which showed heterosis for yield characters. Overall, yields and fruit size of hybrids irrigated with saline water were greater than in the parents irrigated with non-saline water. Ethephon had no effect on yield characters. Salinity and ethephon improved earliness. In most clones combination of salinity and ethephon shortened the growing cycle by 1 month. Salinity improved fruit quality as it increased the soluble solids content (SSC) and dry matter (DM) in all clones, and titratable acidity (TA) in some cases. Ethephon sprayings had no marked effects on quality characters, except for parental clone 9-1 in which ethephon treated fruits had a lower SSC and TA. Organoleptic tests conducted on the best flavoured clones (0-8 and 6-10) showed that salinity improved fruit aroma and flavour although not texture, while ethephon had no effects. Results show that irrigation with saline water and ethephon sprayings improve earliness and fruit quality without dramatic yield depressions, especially in the hybrid clones. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced pepino yield.
- Taxon
- pepino
Solanum muricatumt0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- less important in the hybridse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced yield and fruit size, although this effect was less important in the hybrids, which showed heterosis for yield characters.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced pepino fruit size.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- less important in the hybridse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced yield and fruit size, although this effect was less important in the hybrids, which showed heterosis for yield characters.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepino hybrids showed heterosis for yield characters.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- hybridse0
- Outcome
- heterosis for yield characterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hybrids, which showed heterosis for yield characters.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline irrigation, hybrid yields exceeded parental yields under nonsaline irrigation.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- hybridse0
- Treatment
- irrigated with saline watere0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- parents irrigated with non-saline watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, yields and fruit size of hybrids irrigated with saline water were greater than in the parents irrigated with non-saline water.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline irrigation, hybrid fruit size exceeded parental fruit size under nonsaline irrigation.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- hybridse0
- Treatment
- irrigated with saline watere0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- parents irrigated with non-saline watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, yields and fruit size of hybrids irrigated with saline water were greater than in the parents irrigated with non-saline water.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not affect pepino yield characters.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- yield characterse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon had no effect on yield characters.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity improved pepino earliness.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- earlinesse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity and ethephon improved earliness.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon improved pepino earliness.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- earlinesse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity and ethephon improved earliness.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salinity and ethephon shortened the growing cycle by one month in most clones.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- combination of salinity and ethephone0
- Outcome
- growing cyclee0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Value
- 1 monthe0
- Qualifier
- most clonese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most clones combination of salinity and ethephon shortened the growing cycle by 1 month.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased soluble solids content in all clones.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- soluble solids content (SSC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all clonese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity improved fruit quality as it increased the soluble solids content (SSC) and dry matter (DM) in all clones, and titratable acidity (TA) in some cases.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased dry matter in all clones.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- dry matter (DM)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all clonese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity improved fruit quality as it increased the soluble solids content (SSC) and dry matter (DM) in all clones, and titratable acidity (TA) in some cases.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased titratable acidity in some cases.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- titratable acidity (TA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- some casese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity improved fruit quality as it increased the soluble solids content (SSC) and dry matter (DM) in all clones, and titratable acidity (TA) in some cases.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon had no marked effect on pepino quality characters overall.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephon sprayingse0
- Outcome
- quality characterse0
- Direction
- no marked effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon sprayings had no marked effects on quality characters, except for parental clone 9-1 in which ethephon treated fruits had a lower SSC and TA.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon lowered soluble solids content in parental clone 9-1.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- parental clone 9-1e0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- SSCe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for parental clone 9-1 in which ethephon treated fruits had a lower SSC and TA.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon lowered titratable acidity in parental clone 9-1.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- parental clone 9-1e0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- TAe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for parental clone 9-1 in which ethephon treated fruits had a lower SSC and TA.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity improved fruit aroma in clones 0-8 and 6-10.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- 0-8 and 6-10e0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- fruit aromae0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organoleptic tests conducted on the best flavoured clones (0-8 and 6-10) showed that salinity improved fruit aroma and flavour although not texture, while ethephon had no effects.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity improved fruit flavour in clones 0-8 and 6-10.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Material
- 0-8 and 6-10e0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- flavoure0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organoleptic tests conducted on the best flavoured clones (0-8 and 6-10) showed that salinity improved fruit aroma and flavour although not texture, while ethephon had no effects.”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity did not improve fruit texture in clones 0-8 and 6-10.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- texturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity improved fruit aroma and flavour although not texture”
t0“pepino clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon had no effect on organoleptic traits in clones 0-8 and 6-10.
- Taxon
- pepinoSolanum muricatumt0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- no effectse0
- Direction
- no effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while ethephon had no effects.”
t0“pepino clones”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: sugar starch · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · phenology · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: general · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · molecular: metabolites · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · growth · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
salinity · quality: postharvest · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
salinity · yield · Solanum muricatum (pepino dulce)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.