Abstract
Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown with UV‐B (280–320 nm) at levels simulating 25 nr 5% ozone depletion on the date of the summer solstice al 40°N latitude, with UV‐A (320–400 nm), or with no supplemental irradiation. In plant growth chambers providing 300 μmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). UV‐B‐grown leaves elongated more slowly than controls but reached the same final length 1 day later. Leal specific fresh weight (mass leaf area −1 ) was significantly increased by UV‐B after the 7th day of growth. IV‐B did not significantly affect leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophylls, total carotenoids or photosynthetic quantum efficiency. CO 2 assimilation was decreased by UV‐B only at internal CO 2 levels above 250 μl l −1 . By the 8th day of growth, UV‐B increased flavonoid (saponarin and lutonarin) accumulation in both the lower epidermis and the mesophyll: about 40% of the saponarin and 20% of the lutonarin were in the lower epidermis under all experimental conditions. Glasshouse conditions proved too variable for reproducible determination of growth and photosynthesis but were reliable for determining developmental changes in flavonoid (saponarin and lutonarin) accumulation and provided up to 800 μmol m −2 s −1 PAR. In the glasshouse UV‐B‐grown leaves had more flavonoids than controls al all stages from 5 to 30 days after planting: ca 509 more saponarin and 100% more lutonarin. Levels of soluble (vacuolar) ferulic acid esters were similar under all conditions on day 5. and on day 20 or later, but were significantly higher in UV‐B‐grown plants on days 10 and 15. UV‐B decreased insoluble (cell‐wall‐bound) ferulic acid esters on a whole leaf basis but significantly increased this fraction in the lower epidermis. UV‐A had no significant effects on growth, photosynthesis or ferulic acid, but it slightly increased flavonoid accumulation. The results are discussed in terms of secondary phenolics as a tissue‐specific, developmentally regulated adaptive response to UV‐B.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B leaves elongated more slowly than controls.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- leaves elongatede0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“UV‐B‐grown leaves elongated more slowly than controls”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B leaves reached the same final length one day later.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be1
- Outcome
- final lengthe0
- Direction
- samee0
- Value
- 1 day latere0
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reached the same final length 1 day later”
e1“UV‐B‐grown leaves elongated more slowly than controls”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B significantly increased leaf specific fresh weight after day seven.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- Leal specific fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after the 7th day of growthe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leal specific fresh weight (mass leaf area −1 ) was significantly increased by UV‐B after the 7th day of growth.”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B did not significantly affect leaf area, fresh weight, or dry weight.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- IV‐Be0
- Outcome
- leaf area, fresh weight, dry weighte0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IV‐B did not significantly affect leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B did not significantly affect total chlorophylls, total carotenoids, or photosynthetic quantum efficiency.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- IV‐Be0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylls, total carotenoids or photosynthetic quantum efficiencye0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IV‐B did not significantly affect leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophylls, total carotenoids or photosynthetic quantum efficiency.”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B decreased CO2 assimilation only above an internal CO2 threshold.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- CO 2 assimilatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- only at internal CO 2 levels above 250 μl l −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO 2 assimilation was decreased by UV‐B only at internal CO 2 levels above 250 μl l −1”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased flavonoid accumulation in lower epidermis and mesophyll by day eight.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- lower epidermis and the mesophylle0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- flavonoid (saponarin and lutonarin) accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By the 8th day of growth, UV‐B increased flavonoid (saponarin and lutonarin) accumulation in both the lower epidermis and the mesophyll”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
About 40% of saponarin was in the lower epidermis under all conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- lower epidermise0
- Outcome
- saponarine0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Qualifier
- under all experimental conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“about 40% of the saponarin and 20% of the lutonarin were in the lower epidermis under all experimental conditions”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
About 20% of lutonarin was in the lower epidermis under all conditions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- lower epidermise0
- Outcome
- lutonarine0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- under all experimental conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20% of the lutonarin were in the lower epidermis under all experimental conditions”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Glasshouse conditions were too variable for reproducible growth and photosynthesis determinations.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- reproducible determination of growth and photosynthesise0
- Qualifier
- too variablee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glasshouse conditions proved too variable for reproducible determination of growth and photosynthesis”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Glasshouse conditions were reliable for developmental flavonoid changes.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- developmental changes in flavonoid (saponarin and lutonarin) accumulatione0
- Value
- up to 800 μmol m −2 s −1 PARe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were reliable for determining developmental changes in flavonoid (saponarin and lutonarin) accumulation and provided up to 800 μmol m −2 s −1 PAR”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
In the glasshouse UV-B leaves had roughly 50% more saponarin than controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be1
- Outcome
- saponarine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- ca 509e0
- Comparator
- controlse1
- Setting
- glasshousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ca 509 more saponarin and 100% more lutonarin”
e1“In the glasshouse UV‐B‐grown leaves had more flavonoids than controls al all stages from 5 to 30 days after planting”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
In the glasshouse UV-B leaves had 100% more lutonarin than controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be1
- Outcome
- lutonarine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- controlse1
- Setting
- glasshousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% more lutonarin”
e1“In the glasshouse UV‐B‐grown leaves had more flavonoids than controls al all stages from 5 to 30 days after planting”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble ferulic acid esters were similar across conditions on days five and twenty or later.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- soluble (vacuolar) ferulic acid esterse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- on day 5. and on day 20 or latere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Levels of soluble (vacuolar) ferulic acid esters were similar under all conditions on day 5. and on day 20 or later”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble ferulic acid esters were higher in UV-B plants on days ten and fifteen.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- soluble (vacuolar) ferulic acid esterse1
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- on days 10 and 15e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher in UV‐B‐grown plants on days 10 and 15”
e1“Levels of soluble (vacuolar) ferulic acid esters”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B decreased insoluble ferulic acid esters on a whole leaf basis.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- whole leafe0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- insoluble (cell‐wall‐bound) ferulic acid esterse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV‐B decreased insoluble (cell‐wall‐bound) ferulic acid esters on a whole leaf basis”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased insoluble ferulic acid esters in the lower epidermis.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- lower epidermise0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be0
- Outcome
- insoluble (cell‐wall‐bound) ferulic acid esterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV‐B decreased insoluble (cell‐wall‐bound) ferulic acid esters on a whole leaf basis but significantly increased this fraction in the lower epidermis”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A had no significant effect on growth, photosynthesis, or ferulic acid.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Ae0
- Outcome
- growth, photosynthesis or ferulic acide0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV‐A had no significant effects on growth, photosynthesis or ferulic acid”
t0“barley primary leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A slightly increased flavonoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- UV‐Ae0
- Outcome
- flavonoid accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV‐A had no significant effects on growth, photosynthesis or ferulic acid, but it slightly increased flavonoid accumulation”
t0“barley primary leaves”
The same questions in other papers
uv · physiology: photosynthesis · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.