Abstract
Both nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are important signals that mediate plant response to environmental stimulation. Their role in plants' allelopathic interactions has also been reported, but the underlying mechanism remains little understood. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) has been proposed to be an allelopathic chemical. Here, we found that pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth. Meanwhile, pHBA rapidly induced the accumulation of NO and H2 O2 , where such effect could be reversed by NO or H2 O2 metabolism inhibitors or scavengers. Also, pHBA-induced NO and H2 O2 could be compromised in NO synthesis mutants noa1, nia1 and nia2, or H2 O2 metabolism mutant rbohD/F, but suppressing NO accumulation with a NO synthesis inhibitor or using NO synthesis-related mutants did not reduce pHBA-induced H2 O2 accumulation. Furthermore, we found that the effect of pHBA on allelopathic inhibition of growth was aggravated in NO/H2 O2 metabolism-related mutants or reducing NO/H2 O2 by different inhibitors, whereas the addition of an NO/H2 O2 donor could partly relieve the inhibitory effect of pHBA on the growth of wild type. However, adding only an NO donor, but not low concentration of H2 O2 as the donor, could relieve the inhibitory effect of pHBA on root growth in NO metabolism mutants. On the basis of these results, we propose that both NO and H2 O2 are important signals that mediate Arabidopsis response to the allelopathic chemical pHBA, where during this process H2 O2 may work upstream of the NO signal.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
pHBA at 0.4 mM suppressed Arabidopsis growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- pHBA at 0.4 mMe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
pHBA induced accumulation of NO and H2O2 in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- pHBAe2
- Outcome
- accumulation of NO and H2 O2e2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“pHBA rapidly induced the accumulation of NO and H2 O2 , where such effect could be reversed by NO or H2 O2 metabolism inhibitors or scavengers”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The pHBA-induced NO and H2O2 accumulation was reversed by NO or H2O2 metabolism inhibitors or scavengers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- NO or H2 O2 metabolism inhibitors or scavengerse2
- Outcome
- such effecte2
- Direction
- reversede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“pHBA rapidly induced the accumulation of NO and H2 O2 , where such effect could be reversed by NO or H2 O2 metabolism inhibitors or scavengers”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
pHBA-induced NO and H2O2 accumulation was compromised in NO synthesis mutants noa1, nia1 and nia2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- noa1, nia1 and nia2e3
- Treatment
- pHBAe3
- Outcome
- pHBA-induced NO and H2 O2e3
- Direction
- compromisede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“pHBA-induced NO and H2 O2 could be compromised in NO synthesis mutants noa1, nia1 and nia2, or H2 O2 metabolism mutant rbohD/F”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
pHBA-induced NO and H2O2 accumulation was compromised in the H2O2 metabolism mutant rbohD/F.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- rbohD/Fe3
- Treatment
- pHBAe3
- Outcome
- pHBA-induced NO and H2 O2e3
- Direction
- compromisede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“pHBA-induced NO and H2 O2 could be compromised in NO synthesis mutants noa1, nia1 and nia2, or H2 O2 metabolism mutant rbohD/F”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing NO accumulation did not reduce pHBA-induced H2O2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- suppressing NO accumulation with a NO synthesis inhibitore4
- Outcome
- pHBA-induced H2 O2 accumulatione4
- Direction
- did not reducee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“suppressing NO accumulation with a NO synthesis inhibitor or using NO synthesis-related mutants did not reduce pHBA-induced H2 O2 accumulation”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of pHBA on growth was aggravated in NO/H2O2 metabolism-related mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- NO/H2 O2 metabolism-related mutantse5
- Outcome
- allelopathic inhibition of growthe5
- Direction
- aggravatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the effect of pHBA on allelopathic inhibition of growth was aggravated in NO/H2 O2 metabolism-related mutants or reducing NO/H2 O2 by different inhibitors”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of pHBA on growth was aggravated when NO/H2O2 were reduced by different inhibitors.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- reducing NO/H2 O2 by different inhibitorse5
- Outcome
- allelopathic inhibition of growthe5
- Direction
- aggravatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the effect of pHBA on allelopathic inhibition of growth was aggravated in NO/H2 O2 metabolism-related mutants or reducing NO/H2 O2 by different inhibitors”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding an NO/H2O2 donor partly relieved the inhibitory effect of pHBA on wild-type growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- the addition of an NO/H2 O2 donore6
- Outcome
- the inhibitory effect of pHBA on the growth of wild typee6
- Direction
- partly relievee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the addition of an NO/H2 O2 donor could partly relieve the inhibitory effect of pHBA on the growth of wild type”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding only an NO donor, but not low-concentration H2O2 donor, could relieve the pHBA inhibition of root growth in NO metabolism mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- NO metabolism mutantse7
- Treatment
- adding only an NO donore7
- Outcome
- the inhibitory effect of pHBA on root growthe7
- Direction
- could relievee7
- Comparator
- low concentration of H2 O2 as the donore7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“adding only an NO donor, but not low concentration of H2 O2 as the donor, could relieve the inhibitory effect of pHBA on root growth in NO metabolism mutants”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and H2O2 are proposed to mediate the Arabidopsis response to pHBA, with H2O2 acting upstream of NO.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- response to the allelopathic chemical pHBAe6
- Qualifier
- H2 O2 may work upstream of the NO signale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“both NO and H2 O2 are important signals that mediate Arabidopsis response to the allelopathic chemical pHBA, where during this process H2 O2 may work upstream of the NO signal”
e0“pHBA at 0.4 mM efficiently suppressed Arabidopsis growth”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogen peroxide · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
nitric oxide · disease · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.