Abstract
Summary In controlled environmental studies, a marked difference was observed between the growth pattern of tomato and eastern black nightshade plants that received doses of 2,4‐D ranging from 28 to 952 g a.e. ha −1 . The highest dose of 2,4‐D reduced the dry weight of eastern black nightshade and tomato by approximately 15 and 50%, respectively, when compared with controls. Although the height of both species was reduced by all doses of 2,4‐D, eastern black nightshade plants produced secondary shoots, which compensated for any potential loss in dry weight that otherwise may have occurred. Tomato plants did not produce secondary shoots. After application of 14 C‐2,4‐D to tomato and eastern black nightshade, the pattern of 14 C absorption and translocation was similar in both plant species. However, there was significantly more radioactivity recovered in tomato (72%) than in eastern black nightshade (52%) plants, 72 h after treatment. Assay radioactivity in the nutrient solution of hydroponically grown plants indicated that 7·0 and 27·9% of the applied radioactivity was exuded from the roots of tomato and eastern black nightshade, respectively, within 72 h after treatment. Assay of plant extracts by thin layer chromatography revealed that the amount of radioactivity that remained as unaltered 2,4‐D was 73 and 49% in tomato and eastern black nightshade, respectively, 72 h after treatment. Thus the greater tolerance of eastern black nightshade appeared to be due to greater rates of 2,4‐D metabolism and/or greater rates of herbicide elimination by root exudation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
The highest 2,4-D dose reduced eastern black nightshade dry weight about 15% versus controls.
- Taxon
- eastern black nightshade
Solanum ptychanthume0 - Treatment
- highest dose of 2,4‐De0
- Outcome
- dry weight of eastern black nightshadee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 15e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest dose of 2,4‐D reduced the dry weight of eastern black nightshade and tomato by approximately 15 and 50%, respectively, when compared with controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest 2,4-D dose reduced tomato dry weight about 50% versus controls.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- highest dose of 2,4‐De0
- Outcome
- dry weight of eastern black nightshade and tomatoe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest dose of 2,4‐D reduced the dry weight of eastern black nightshade and tomato by approximately 15 and 50%, respectively, when compared with controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
All 2,4-D doses reduced eastern black nightshade height.
- Taxon
- eastern black nightshadeSolanum ptychanthume1
- Treatment
- all doses of 2,4‐De0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the height of both species was reduced by all doses of 2,4‐D”
e1“eastern black nightshade plants produced secondary shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
All 2,4-D doses reduced tomato height.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- all doses of 2,4‐De0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the height of both species was reduced by all doses of 2,4‐D”
e1“Tomato plants did not produce secondary shoots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eastern black nightshade formed secondary shoots after 2,4-D, compensating for potential dry-weight loss.
- Taxon
- eastern black nightshadeSolanum ptychanthume0
- Outcome
- produced secondary shootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eastern black nightshade plants produced secondary shoots, which compensated for any potential loss in dry weight that otherwise may have occurred.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato produced no secondary shoots after treatment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- did not produce secondary shootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato plants did not produce secondary shoots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Radiolabeled 2,4-D absorption and translocation patterns were similar in tomato and eastern black nightshade.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- pattern of 14 C absorption and translocatione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- eastern black nightshadee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pattern of 14 C absorption and translocation was similar in both plant species”
e1“After application of 14 C‐2,4‐D to tomato and eastern black nightshade”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato had more recovered radioactivity than eastern black nightshade 72 hours after treatment: 72% versus 52%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- radioactivity recovered in tomatoe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Qualifier
- 52%e0
- Comparator
- eastern black nightshadee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was significantly more radioactivity recovered in tomato (72%) than in eastern black nightshade (52%) plants, 72 h after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato roots exuded 7·0% of applied radioactivity within 72 hours.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- applied radioactivity was exuded from the roots of tomatoe0
- Value
- 7·0e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7·0 and 27·9% of the applied radioactivity was exuded from the roots of tomato and eastern black nightshade, respectively, within 72 h after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eastern black nightshade roots exuded 27·9% of applied radioactivity within 72 hours.
- Taxon
- eastern black nightshadeSolanum ptychanthume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- applied radioactivity was exuded from the roots of tomato and eastern black nightshadee0
- Value
- 27·9%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7·0 and 27·9% of the applied radioactivity was exuded from the roots of tomato and eastern black nightshade, respectively, within 72 h after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unaltered 2,4-D accounted for 73% of radioactivity in tomato extracts after 72 hours.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- radioactivity that remained as unaltered 2,4‐De0
- Value
- 73e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of radioactivity that remained as unaltered 2,4‐D was 73 and 49% in tomato and eastern black nightshade, respectively, 72 h after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unaltered 2,4-D accounted for 49% of radioactivity in eastern black nightshade extracts after 72 hours.
- Taxon
- eastern black nightshadeSolanum ptychanthume0
- Outcome
- radioactivity that remained as unaltered 2,4‐De0
- Value
- 49%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amount of radioactivity that remained as unaltered 2,4‐D was 73 and 49% in tomato and eastern black nightshade, respectively, 72 h after treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute greater eastern black nightshade tolerance to faster 2,4-D metabolism or root exudation.
- Taxon
- eastern black nightshadeSolanum ptychanthume0
- Outcome
- greater tolerance of eastern black nightshadee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- greater rates of 2,4‐D metabolism and/or greater rates of herbicide elimination by root exudatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the greater tolerance of eastern black nightshade appeared to be due to greater rates of 2,4‐D metabolism and/or greater rates of herbicide elimination by root exudation.”
The same questions in other papers
2,4-D · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.