Abstract
SUMMARY Inocula of spores of Penicillium digitatum in water applied to apparently uninjured skin of oranges do not cause lesions to develop. Addition of citric acid, orange juice, or various extracts of rind had little effect on susceptibility to infection. When spores in water are applied to wounds made between oil vesicles, lesions develop only from wounds that penetrate deeply into the albedo. The flavedo of most oranges seems to be resistant to infection even when damaged, but in a few consignments it showed much less resistance. Increasing the number of conidia in the inoculum caused more lesions to develop but some fruits developed lesions from inocula containing very few spores. The method and timing of spore application to wounds had a considerable effect on the incidence of lesions; emanations from infected fruit had no effect. Lesions developed more rapidly and readily when suspensions of spores in water were applied to wounds in the skin that damaged oil vesicles; wounds as shallow as 0–25 mm allowed lesions to develop.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Spore inocula applied to apparently uninjured orange skin did not cause lesions to develop.
- Taxon
- orangese1
- Treatment
- Inocula of spores of Penicillium digitatum in water applied to apparently uninjured skine1
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum
Penicillium digitatume1pathogen - Outcome
- lesions to develope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inocula of spores of Penicillium digitatum in water applied to apparently uninjured skin of oranges do not cause lesions to develop”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric acid, orange juice or rind extracts had little effect on orange susceptibility to infection by Penicillium digitatum.
- Taxon
- orangest1
- Treatment
- Addition of citric acid, orange juice, or various extracts of rinde2
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility to infectione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Penicillium digitatum”
t1“oranges”
e2“Addition of citric acid, orange juice, or various extracts of rind had little effect on susceptibility to infection”
Claim · model-written summary
On oranges, lesions developed only from spore-inoculated wounds that penetrated deeply into the albedo.
- Taxon
- orangest1
- Organ / stage
- albedoe3
- Treatment
- wounds that penetrate deeply into the albedoe3
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesions develope3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Penicillium digitatum”
t1“oranges”
e3“When spores in water are applied to wounds made between oil vesicles, lesions develop only from wounds that penetrate deeply into the albedo”
Claim · model-written summary
The flavedo of most oranges seems to be resistant to infection even when damaged.
Verbatim
t1“oranges”
e4“The flavedo of most oranges seems to be resistant to infection even when damaged, but in a few consignments it showed much less resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
In a few orange consignments, the flavedo showed much less resistance to infection.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t1“oranges”
e4“The flavedo of most oranges seems to be resistant to infection even when damaged, but in a few consignments it showed much less resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the number of conidia in the inoculum caused more lesions on oranges.
- Taxon
- orangest1
- Treatment
- Increasing the number of conidia in the inoculume5
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesions to develope5
- Direction
- moree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Penicillium digitatum”
t1“oranges”
e5“Increasing the number of conidia in the inoculum caused more lesions to develop”
Claim · model-written summary
Some orange fruits developed lesions from inocula containing very few spores.
- Taxon
- orangest1
- Treatment
- inocula containing very few sporese6
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesionse6
- Qualifier
- some fruitse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Penicillium digitatum”
t1“oranges”
e6“but some fruits developed lesions from inocula containing very few spores”
Claim · model-written summary
The method and timing of spore application to wounds had a considerable effect on the incidence of lesions on oranges.
- Taxon
- orangest1
- Treatment
- method and timing of spore application to woundse7
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of lesionse7
- Qualifier
- considerable effecte7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Penicillium digitatum”
t1“oranges”
e7“The method and timing of spore application to wounds had a considerable effect on the incidence of lesions; emanations from infected fruit had no effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Emanations from infected orange fruit had no effect on the incidence of lesions.
- Taxon
- orangest1
- Treatment
- emanations from infected fruite7
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of lesionse7
- Direction
- no effecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Penicillium digitatum”
t1“oranges”
e7“The method and timing of spore application to wounds had a considerable effect on the incidence of lesions; emanations from infected fruit had no effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesions developed more rapidly and readily on oranges when spore suspensions were applied to wounds in skin that damaged oil vesicles.
- Taxon
- orangest1
- Treatment
- suspensions of spores in watere1
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatumPenicillium digitatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- Lesionse1
- Direction
- more rapidly and readilye1
- Qualifier
- wounds in the skin that damaged oil vesiclese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Penicillium digitatum”
t1“oranges”
e1“Lesions developed more rapidly and readily when suspensions of spores in water were applied to wounds in the skin that damaged oil vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
On oranges, wounds as shallow as 0–25 mm allowed lesions to develop.
Verbatim
t1“oranges”
e1“wounds as shallow as 0–25 mm allowed lesions to develop”
The same questions in other papers
citric acid · Penicillium digitatum · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · Penicillium digitatum · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
infection · Penicillium digitatum · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
botanical · Penicillium digitatum · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.