Abstract
Abstract Field studies conducted in 1990 and 1991 at five locations in Georgia and one location in Virginia in 1991 evaluated imazethapyr [2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] and AC 263,222 [(±)-2[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] for weed control, peanut tolerance, and yield. Imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) controlled smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb], Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.) greater than 90%. Imazethapyr did not control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW.) DC.] or sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) adequately, with control generally less than 40%. AC 263,222 controlled Florida beggarweed greater than 92% when applied EPOST and from 54 to 100% when applied postemergence (POST). Imazethapyr applied preplant incorporated (PPI) controlled bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidium DC.) 89% and imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied EPOST controlled at least 96%. Imazethapyr controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) 83% when applied PPI and 93% as an EPOST application. AC 263,222 controlled yellow nutsedge at least 90%. Peanut yields were higher with AC 263,222 than with imazethapyr. Imazethapyr systems that included alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), lactofen ([(±)2-ethoxy-l-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate] + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid], paraquat [1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion] + 2,4-DB, pyridate [O-(6-chloro-3-phenyl-4-pyridazinyl)-S-octyl carbonothioate] + 2,4-DB, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide], or 2,4-DB provided yields equivalent to AC 263,222.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr EPOST controlled smallflower morningglory, Ipomoea morningglory, prickly sida and coffee senna above 90%.
- Taxon
- Peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- Imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- smallflower morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- controlled smallflower morningglorye0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- greater than 90%e0
- Qualifier
- Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) controlled smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb], Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.) greater than 90%.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 EPOST controlled the same four weeds above 90%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Interactor
- smallflower morningglorye0weed
- Outcome
- controlled smallflower morningglorye0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- greater than 90%e0
- Qualifier
- Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied early postemergence (EPOST) controlled smallflower morningglory [Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb], Ipomoea morningglory species, prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.), and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.) greater than 90%.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr controlled Florida beggarweed poorly, generally below 40%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweed
Desmodium tortuosume0weed - Outcome
- control Florida beggarweede0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- less than 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr did not control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW.) DC.] or sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) adequately, with control generally less than 40%.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr controlled sicklepod poorly, generally below 40%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- less than 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr did not control Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (SW.) DC.] or sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) adequately, with control generally less than 40%.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 EPOST controlled Florida beggarweed above 92%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume0weed
- Outcome
- controlled Florida beggarweede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- greater than 92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AC 263,222 controlled Florida beggarweed greater than 92% when applied EPOST”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 POST controlled Florida beggarweed from 54 to 100%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e1
- Interactor
- Florida beggarweedDesmodium tortuosume1weed
- Outcome
- controlled Florida beggarweede1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 54 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from 54 to 100% when applied postemergence (POST).”
e1“AC 263,222 controlled Florida beggarweed”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr PPI controlled bristly starbur 89%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr applied preplant incorporated (PPI)e0
- Interactor
- bristly starbure0weed
- Outcome
- controlled bristly starbure0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr applied preplant incorporated (PPI) controlled bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidium DC.) 89%”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr EPOST controlled bristly starbur at least 96%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- bristly starbure1weed
- Outcome
- controlled bristly starbure1
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied EPOST controlled at least 96%.”
e1“controlled bristly starbur”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 EPOST controlled bristly starbur at least 96%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Interactor
- bristly starbure1weed
- Outcome
- controlled bristly starbure1
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazethapyr and AC 263,222 applied EPOST controlled at least 96%.”
e1“controlled bristly starbur”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr PPI controlled yellow nutsedge 83%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- controlled yellow nutsedgee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) 83% when applied PPI”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr EPOST controlled yellow nutsedge 93%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyre0
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- controlled yellow nutsedgee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr controlled yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) 83% when applied PPI and 93% as an EPOST application.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
AC 263,222 controlled yellow nutsedge at least 90%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Interactor
- yellow nutsedgee0weed
- Outcome
- controlled yellow nutsedgee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AC 263,222 controlled yellow nutsedge at least 90%.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut yield was higher with AC 263,222 than imazethapyr.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- AC 263,222e0
- Outcome
- Peanut yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- imazethapyre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peanut yields were higher with AC 263,222 than with imazethapyr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr systems with listed partner herbicides yielded equivalently to AC 263,222.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Imazethapyr systemse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- AC 263,222e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazethapyr systems that included alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide), lactofen ([(±)2-ethoxy-l-methyl-2-oxoethyl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate] + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid], paraquat [1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion] + 2,4-DB, pyridate [O-(6-chloro-3-phenyl-4-pyridazinyl)-S-octyl carbonothioate] + 2,4-DB, metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide], or 2,4-DB provided yields equivalent to AC 263,222.”
t0“Peanut”
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