Abstract
The uptake of iron cyanide into willows was studied. Trees were grown in solutions with Prussian blue, ferricyanide, or ferrocyanide. Iron cyanide speciation in solution was determined by HPLC during the experiment. Total cyanide and total iron in solution and trees were measured at the end of the experiments. Ferrocyanide wasthe dominating species in most solutions at the end. Ferricyanide was preferably taken up from solutions. Between 20 and 83% of the cyanide was lost from the solutions, and up to 28% could be recovered from the plants, mainly from roots. Cyanide could also be detected in stems and leaves of most exposed trees. Uptake was increased when no other nitrogen source but cyanide was present in solutions. Iron contents in exposed trees, compared to controls, increased significantly. The ratio of iron to cyanide remained rather stable in solution, but changed to higher values inside the plants. This indicates that iron and cyanide were taken up together as a complex, which was dissolved inside plants, and then cyanide was metabolized. No toxic effects could be seen. The study shows that trees can take up and metabolize iron cyanide complexes, making phytoremediation of iron cyanide waste a feasible option.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ferrocyanide dominated most solutions at the end.
SalixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ferrocyanide wasthe dominating species in most solutions at the end”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferricyanide was preferentially taken up.
- Outcome
- Ferricyanide was preferably taken upe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ferricyanide was preferably taken up from solutions”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Between 20 and 83% of cyanide was lost from solutions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Between 20 and 83% of the cyanide was lost from the solutions”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to 28% of cyanide was recovered from plants, mainly roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up to 28% could be recovered from the plants, mainly from roots”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanide was detected in stems and leaves of most exposed trees.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cyanide could also be detected in stems and leaves of most exposed trees”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanide uptake increased when it was the only nitrogen source.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake was increased when no other nitrogen source but cyanide was present in solutions”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron content increased significantly in exposed trees compared with controls.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron contents in exposed trees, compared to controls, increased significantly”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The iron to cyanide ratio was rather stable in solution.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratio of iron to cyanide remained rather stable in solution”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The iron to cyanide ratio increased inside plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but changed to higher values inside the plants”
t0“Willow Trees”
e1“The ratio of iron to cyanide remained rather stable in solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred uptake of iron and cyanide together as a complex, followed by dissolution and cyanide metabolism.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This indicates that iron and cyanide were taken up together as a complex, which was dissolved inside plants, and then cyanide was metabolized”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
No toxic effects were observed.
- Outcome
- No toxic effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No toxic effects could be seen”
t0“Willow Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider phytoremediation of iron cyanide waste feasible.
- Outcome
- phytoremediation of iron cyanide wastee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“making phytoremediation of iron cyanide waste a feasible option”
t0“Willow Trees”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · nutrient: content · Salix (willows)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.