Abstract
Abstract Although forage maize ( Zea mays L.) is grown extensively on livestock operations, most management studies in the USA focus on grain production. Field studies were conducted in New York to evaluate dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality responses of commercial hybrids to planting dates and densities. Six hybrids were planted on 25 April, 9 May, and 23 May and thinned to 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 plants m −2 in 1988 and 1989. A significant year ✕ planting date interaction was observed for DM yield because dry early‐season conditions in 1988 negated the advantage of early planting in northern latitudes (13.4, 13.9, and 14.6 Mg ha −1 for planting dates 25 April, 9 May, and 23 May, respectively). When averaged across years, high plant densities increased DM yields (15.7, 16.5, and 17.5 Mg ha −1 at 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 plants m −2 , respectively) with no significant effect on harvest index (524, 523, and 526 g kg −1 at 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 plants m −2 , respectively). A hybrid ✕ density interaction was observed for DM yield that suggests that some hybrids in this study performed better at higher densities. Plant density had little effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations indicating that forage quality can be maintained at high densities. Hybrids showed distinct variation for ADF (186‐217 g kg −1 ), NDF (414‐434 g kg −1 ), and crude protein (CP) (72‐77 g kg −1 ) concentrations. The forage quality differences among hybrids may be of sufficient magnitude to be of value to the forage producer.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Dry early-season conditions in 1988 negated the yield advantage of early planting.
Verbatim
e0“A significant year ✕ planting date interaction was observed for DM yield because dry early‐season conditions in 1988 negated the advantage of early planting in northern latitudes (13.4, 13.9, and 14.6 Mg ha −1 for planting dates 25 April, 9 May, and 23 May, respectively).”
e1“forage maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher maize density increased dry matter yield across years.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When averaged across years, high plant densities increased DM yields (15.7, 16.5, and 17.5 Mg ha −1 at 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 plants m −2 , respectively)”
e1“forage maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Density had no significant effect on harvest index.
- Taxon
- forage maizee1
- Treatment
- high plant densitiese2
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“with no significant effect on harvest index (524, 523, and 526 g kg −1 at 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 plants m −2 , respectively)”
e1“forage maize”
e2“high plant densities”
Claim · model-written summary
Some maize hybrids performed better at higher density for dry matter yield.
Verbatim
e0“A hybrid ✕ density interaction was observed for DM yield that suggests that some hybrids in this study performed better at higher densities.”
e1“forage maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant density had little effect on ADF and NDF concentrations.
- Taxon
- forage maizee1
- Treatment
- Plant densitye0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrationse0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Plant density had little effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations”
e1“forage maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hybrids varied in ADF concentration from 186 to 217 g kg−1.
Verbatim
e0“Hybrids showed distinct variation for ADF (186‐217 g kg −1 )”
e1“forage maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hybrids varied in NDF concentration from 414 to 434 g kg−1.
Verbatim
e0“NDF (414‐434 g kg −1 )”
e1“Hybrids showed distinct variation for ADF”
e2“forage maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hybrids varied in crude protein concentration from 72 to 77 g kg−1.
Verbatim
e0“crude protein (CP) (72‐77 g kg −1 ) concentrations”
e1“Hybrids showed distinct variation for ADF”
e2“forage maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid forage quality differences may be useful to producers.
Verbatim
e0“The forage quality differences among hybrids may be of sufficient magnitude to be of value to the forage producer.”
e1“forage maize”
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