Abstract
Abstract Corn ( Zea mays L.) grown in the semiarid southern Great Plains usually is irrigated fully because yields decline if water stress occurs at any time during the growing season, but the groundwater supply for irrigation is being depleted. To decrease the dependence of corn production on the declining groundwater supply, practices must be developed to improve the storage and use of precipitation. This study was conducted to determine the effects of residue management practices after wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) on precipitation (and preplant irrigation) storage during fallow; corn growth, yield, and seed quality; and water use and use efficiency by corn. The soil was Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls). Because of high initial water contents at the start of fallow in 1982, relatively little water was stored from precipitation during the 1982 to 1983 fallow. For the 1983 to 1984 fallow, water storage was higher with disk and sweep tillage than with no‐tillage because the disk and sweep plots received a preplant irrigation to wet the tillage‐loosened soil. Water use by corn was not affected significantly by tillage in 1983, but was significantly lower with no‐tillage than with disk or sweep tillage in 1984. Corn grain yields were lowest with a no‐tillage standing residue treatment in 1983 due to N deficiency. In 1984, yields were not affected significantly by tillage, but avg 0.29 Mg/ha higher on fertilized than on nonfertilized low‐residue plots and 2.0 Mg/ha higher on fertilized than on nonfertilized high‐residue plots. Kernel weight (mg/kernel) and kernel test weight were affected significantly by tillage in 1983, but not in 1984. The study showed that crop residues can be managed to use a greater proportion of precipitation for producing corn, thus reducing the dependence on irrigation. However, soil fertility must be adequate for obtaining high yields, especially on high‐residue plots.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Little precipitation water was stored in the 1982–1983 fallow due to high initial water content.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- water was stored from precipitatione0
- Direction
- relatively littlee0
- Qualifier
- high initial water contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Because of high initial water contents at the start of fallow in 1982, relatively little water was stored from precipitation during the 1982 to 1983 fallow.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Water storage was higher under disk and sweep tillage than no-tillage in 1983–1984.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- disk and sweep tillagee0
- Outcome
- water storagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- preplant irrigatione0
- Comparator
- no‐tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the 1983 to 1984 fallow, water storage was higher with disk and sweep tillage than with no‐tillage because the disk and sweep plots received a preplant irrigation to wet the tillage‐loosened soil.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not significantly affect corn water use in 1983.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- Water usee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water use by corn was not affected significantly by tillage in 1983”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage lowered corn water use versus disk or sweep tillage in 1984.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- no‐tillagee0
- Outcome
- Water usee1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- disk or sweep tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was significantly lower with no‐tillage than with disk or sweep tillage in 1984.”
t0“Corn”
e1“Water use by corn was not affected significantly by tillage in 1983”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage standing residue produced the lowest corn grain yield in 1983 due to N deficiency.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- no‐tillage standing residue treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- N deficiencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn grain yields were lowest with a no‐tillage standing residue treatment in 1983 due to N deficiency.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not significantly affect yield in 1984.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1984, yields were not affected significantly by tillage”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization raised corn yield 0.29 Mg/ha on low-residue plots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fertilizede0
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.29 Mg/hae0
- Qualifier
- low‐residue plotse0
- Comparator
- nonfertilizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but avg 0.29 Mg/ha higher on fertilized than on nonfertilized low‐residue plots”
t0“Corn”
e1“In 1984, yields were not affected significantly by tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization raised corn yield 2.0 Mg/ha on high-residue plots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fertilizede0
- Outcome
- yieldse1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.0 Mg/hae0
- Qualifier
- high‐residue plotse0
- Comparator
- nonfertilizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 2.0 Mg/ha higher on fertilized than on nonfertilized high‐residue plots.”
t0“Corn”
e1“In 1984, yields were not affected significantly by tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage significantly affected kernel weight and test weight in 1983.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- Kernel weight (mg/kernel) and kernel test weighte0
- Qualifier
- 1983e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel weight (mg/kernel) and kernel test weight were affected significantly by tillage in 1983, but not in 1984.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not significantly affect kernel weight and test weight in 1984.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- Kernel weight (mg/kernel) and kernel test weighte0
- Qualifier
- 1984e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kernel weight (mg/kernel) and kernel test weight were affected significantly by tillage in 1983, but not in 1984.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue management can shift corn production toward precipitation and reduce irrigation dependence.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- use a greater proportion of precipitation for producing corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study showed that crop residues can be managed to use a greater proportion of precipitation for producing corn, thus reducing the dependence on irrigation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate soil fertility is needed for high yields, especially with high residue.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- soil fertility must be adequate for obtaining high yieldse0
- Qualifier
- high‐residue plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, soil fertility must be adequate for obtaining high yields, especially on high‐residue plots.”
t0“Corn”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
286 papers in the same direction as this paper · 812 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
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See all 1,099 papers →fertilization · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3,484 papers in the same direction as this paper · 338 in the opposite direction · 85 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
3,904 papers more in this group
See all 3,908 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.