Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) pretreatments on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, protein oxidation, and H2O2-scavenging enzymes in leaves of Cd-treated flax seedlings. Cd-enhanced H2O2 levels were related to increased activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POX, EC 1.11.1.7) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and were independent of changes in catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) activities. In control flax seedlings, exogenous SA pretreatments inhibited the activity of CAT, resulted in an enhanced production of H2O2 suggesting that SA requires H2O2 to initiate an oxidative stress. However, although leaves of Cd-free flax seedlings pretreated with SA accumulated in vivo H2O2 by 1.2-fold compared with leaves of Cd-only exposed ones; the damage to growth and proteins after the exposure to Cd was significantly less, indicating that SA can regulate the Cd-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, the Cd-treated seedlings primed with SA exhibited a higher level of total antioxidant capacities and increased activities of H2O2-detoxifying enzymes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium enhanced hydrogen peroxide levels in flax seedlings.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- H2O2 levelse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-treated flax seedlings”
e1“Cd-enhanced H2O2 levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced peroxide levels were related to increased guaiacol and ascorbate peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Compound
- H2O2e1
- Outcome
- activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POX, EC 1.11.1.7) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-treated flax seedlings”
e1“Cd-enhanced H2O2 levels were related to increased activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POX, EC 1.11.1.7) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced peroxide levels were independent of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) activitiese1
- Direction
- independent of changese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-treated flax seedlings”
e1“were independent of changes in catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment inhibited catalase activity in control flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- exogenous SA pretreatmentse0
- Outcome
- activity of CATe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- control flax seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control flax seedlings, exogenous SA pretreatments inhibited the activity of CAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment enhanced hydrogen peroxide production in control flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- exogenous SA pretreatmentse0
- Outcome
- production of H2O2e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- control flax seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control flax seedlings, exogenous SA pretreatments inhibited the activity of CAT, resulted in an enhanced production of H2O2”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid primed leaves accumulated 1.2 fold more hydrogen peroxide than cadmium only leaves.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- pretreated with SAe0
- Outcome
- accumulated in vivo H2O2e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Value
- 1.2-folde0
- Comparator
- leaves of Cd-only exposed onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves of Cd-free flax seedlings pretreated with SA accumulated in vivo H2O2 by 1.2-fold compared with leaves of Cd-only exposed ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid significantly reduced cadmium related growth and protein damage.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- SAe2
- Outcome
- damage to growth and proteinse1
- Direction
- lesse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-treated flax seedlings”
e1“the damage to growth and proteins after the exposure to Cd was significantly less”
e2“pretreated with SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid primed cadmium treated seedlings had higher total antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- primed with SAe1
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitiese1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-treated flax seedlings”
e1“Cd-treated seedlings primed with SA exhibited a higher level of total antioxidant capacities and increased activities of H2O2-detoxifying enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid primed cadmium treated seedlings had increased peroxide detoxifying enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- primed with SAe1
- Outcome
- activities of H2O2-detoxifying enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd-treated flax seedlings”
e1“Cd-treated seedlings primed with SA exhibited a higher level of total antioxidant capacities and increased activities of H2O2-detoxifying enzymes”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
seed treatment · molecular: metabolites · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
seed treatment · physiology: oxidative · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.