Abstract
Certain plant-derived agents (PDA) which could induce resistance in okra leaves against powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and biochemical changes in treated leaves were investigated during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. At the two-leaf old, four- and eight-week leaves of the greenhouse-grown okra plants were sprayed with either PDA two days before inoculation with conidia. Among all tested PDA, neem seed oil (NSO) caused the highest protection, followed by jojoba oil (JO) and extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis. Moreover, levels of total protein, activity of peroxidase, polyphenyloxidase and chitinase and total phenols content of treated two-leaf old highly increased after application of NSO and JO, but not by the pathogen (untreated control). Finally, based on conidia germination, lack of the fungitoxic effect of JO and RE and also the slight effect of NSO (9–13.75%) may demonstrate the main role of these agents for inducing resistance through the activation of biochemical defence in treated leaves.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil gave the highest protection against powdery mildew among tested agents.
- Taxon
- okra
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Abelmoschus esculentuse1 - Treatment
- neem seed oil (NSO)e0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe cichoracearum
Golovinomyces cichoracearume1pathogen - Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- all tested PDAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Among all tested PDA, neem seed oil (NSO) caused the highest protection, followed by jojoba oil (JO) and extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis”
e1“okra leaves against powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Jojoba oil ranked after neem seed oil for powdery mildew protection.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- jojoba oil (JO)e0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- followede0
- Comparator
- neem seed oile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all tested PDA, neem seed oil (NSO) caused the highest protection, followed by jojoba oil (JO) and extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis”
e1“okra leaves against powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reynoutria sachalinensis extract ranked after jojoba oil for protection.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- extract of Reynoutria sachalinensise0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- followede0
- Comparator
- jojoba oil (JO)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among all tested PDA, neem seed oil (NSO) caused the highest protection, followed by jojoba oil (JO) and extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis”
e1“okra leaves against powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil increased total protein, defense enzyme activities and total phenols in young treated leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- treated two-leaf olde0
- Treatment
- NSOe0
- Outcome
- levels of total protein, activity of peroxidase, polyphenyloxidase and chitinase and total phenols contente0
- Direction
- highly increasede0
- Comparator
- pathogen (untreated control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of total protein, activity of peroxidase, polyphenyloxidase and chitinase and total phenols content of treated two-leaf old highly increased after application of NSO and JO, but not by the pathogen (untreated control)”
e1“okra leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Jojoba oil increased total protein, defense enzyme activities and total phenols in young treated leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Organ / stage
- treated two-leaf olde0
- Treatment
- JOe0
- Outcome
- levels of total protein, activity of peroxidase, polyphenyloxidase and chitinase and total phenols contente0
- Direction
- highly increasede0
- Comparator
- pathogen (untreated control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“levels of total protein, activity of peroxidase, polyphenyloxidase and chitinase and total phenols content of treated two-leaf old highly increased after application of NSO and JO, but not by the pathogen (untreated control)”
e1“okra leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Jojoba oil had no fungitoxic effect on conidia germination.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- JOe0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- conidia germinatione0
- Direction
- lacke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“based on conidia germination, lack of the fungitoxic effect of JO and RE”
e1“okra leaves against powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reynoutria extract had no fungitoxic effect on conidia germination.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- REe0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- conidia germinatione0
- Direction
- lacke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“based on conidia germination, lack of the fungitoxic effect of JO and RE”
e1“okra leaves against powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed oil had a slight fungitoxic effect of 9–13.75%.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- NSOe0
- Interactor
- Erysiphe cichoracearumGolovinomyces cichoracearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- conidia germinatione2
- Direction
- slight effecte0
- Value
- 9–13.75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slight effect of NSO (9–13.75%)”
e1“okra leaves against powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)”
e2“based on conidia germination”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret biochemical defense activation as the main resistance mechanism.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Outcome
- inducing resistancee0
- Qualifier
- activation of biochemical defence in treated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“main role of these agents for inducing resistance through the activation of biochemical defence in treated leaves”
e1“okra leaves”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.