Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of nitrogen on tolerance to water-stress in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings. Growth chamber studies with pots of washed sand were carried out in Fayetteville, USA, and Nanjing, Chinawith three water conditions (well-watered, drought-stressed, and waterlogging), and three nitrogen rates, low nitrogen (16 mM, approximately 224 mg N·l–1 water), medium nitrogen (24 mM, approximately 448 mg N·l–1 water) and high nitrogen (32 mM, approximately 672 mg N·l–1 water), respectively. The results showed that water-stress treatments reduced plant biomass, C/N ratio, root vigor and leaf photosynthesis (Pn). The plant response to water-stress resistance was affected by nitrogen, and was correlated with the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The changes of anti-oxidant enzymes was the highest in the low nitrogen rate in the drought-stressed and waterlogged cotton seedlings. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly in the water-stress treatments, and was the lowest in the low nitrogen rate. There was a significant reduction of N accumulation under water stress. Low-nitrogen treatmentincreased C accumulation, while high-nitrogen treatment decreased N accumulation. Root vigor was decreased by water stress, and was highest in the low-nitrogen rate. After terminating the water stress, N application promoted root vigor, especially in waterlogged seedlings. The trends of Pn weresimilarto that of root vigor. These results suggested that low N application may contribute to cotton drought tolerance by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and conse-quently decreasing lipid peroxidation, and enhancing root vigor. However, higher N should be applied to waterlog- ging-stressed cotton seedlings after terminating waterlogging.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced cotton biomass, C/N ratio, root vigor, and leaf photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- water-stress treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant biomass, C/N ratio, root vigore0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water-stress treatments reduced plant biomass, C/N ratio, root vigor and leaf photosynthesis (Pn)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced cotton leaf photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- water-stress treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesis (Pn)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water-stress treatments reduced plant biomass, C/N ratio, root vigor and leaf photosynthesis (Pn)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme changes were greatest at low nitrogen under drought and waterlogging.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- changes of anti-oxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- drought-stressed and waterlogged cotton seedlingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes of anti-oxidant enzymes was the highest in the low nitrogen rate in the drought-stressed and waterlogged cotton seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly increased malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- water-stress treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly in the water-stress treatments”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content was lowest at low nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly in the water-stress treatments, and was the lowest in the low nitrogen rate.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly reduced nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant reduction of N accumulation under water stress.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased carbon accumulation.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Low-nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- C accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low-nitrogen treatmentincreased C accumulation”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen decreased nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- high-nitrogen treatmente0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high-nitrogen treatment decreased N accumulation”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton root vigor was highest at low nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low-nitrogen ratee0
- Outcome
- Root vigore0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root vigor was decreased by water stress, and was highest in the low-nitrogen rate.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen after water stress promoted root vigor, especially after waterlogging.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- root vigore0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- especially in waterlogged seedlingse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After terminating the water stress, N application promoted root vigor, especially in waterlogged seedlings.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis followed the same trends as root vigor.
- Taxon
- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlingsGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- trends of Pne0
- Comparator
- root vigore0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trends of Pn weresimilarto that of root vigor.”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen may contribute to drought tolerance through antioxidant activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and root vigor.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- low N applicatione0
- Outcome
- cotton drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and conse-quently decreasing lipid peroxidation, and enhancing root vigore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low N application may contribute to cotton drought tolerance by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and conse-quently decreasing lipid peroxidation, and enhancing root vigor.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend higher nitrogen after waterlogging ends.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- higher N should be appliede0
- Qualifier
- after terminating waterlogginge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher N should be applied to waterlog- ging-stressed cotton seedlings after terminating waterlogging.”
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