Abstract
We introduced subsoiling to a field of wheat-soybean rotation where no-tillage practice had been conducted for five years and whose yield tended to decrease or stagnate. By subsoiling a half of each plot just before wheat sowing, treatments of tillage/no-tillage × subsoiling/no-subsoiling were established. Root distribution, shoot growth, water uptake and yield of both crops were examined to elucidate whether the subsoiling improves the productivity such as shoot biomass and yield through the modification of root system development, and how differ the effects of subsoiling between tilled and non-tilled fields. In wheat, roots were less concentrated in surface (0 − 5 cm) layer in no-tillage, and distributed more in deep (20 − 25 cm) layer of the soil. Deuterium labeled heavy water analysis revealed that the subsoiling enhanced water uptake from the deep soil layer in the no-tillage field. Both the no-tillage and subsoiling showed positive and significant effect on total biomass and yield. The effect of subsoiling must be related to water supply by deep roots in spring. In soybean no-tillage significantly increased the productivity, but subsoiling did not though distribution of the roots was modified by both practices. Soybean in non-tilled accumulated roots in the surface soil layer, but subsoiling did not significantly modify the root distribution especially in the deep soil layer. Water uptake trend and yield was thus not changed significantly by subsoiling. Subsoiling in the non-tilled field increased rooting depth and showed the possibility of braking yield stagnation in long-term no-tillage cultivation in wheat, but not in soybean.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
No-till wheat roots were less concentrated in surface soil.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- less concentratede0
- Qualifier
- surface (0 − 5 cm) layere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, roots were less concentrated in surface (0 − 5 cm) layer in no-tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till wheat roots were more abundant in deep soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- deep (20 − 25 cm) layere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wheat, roots were less concentrated in surface (0 − 5 cm) layer in no-tillage, and distributed more in deep (20 − 25 cm) layer of the soil”
t0“Wheat-Soybean Rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling enhanced deep water uptake in no-till wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- subsoilinge0
- Outcome
- water uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsoiling enhanced water uptake from the deep soil layer in the no-tillage field”
t0“Wheat-Soybean Rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage and subsoiling significantly increased wheat biomass and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no-tillage and subsoilinge0
- Outcome
- total biomass and yielde0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the no-tillage and subsoiling showed positive and significant effect on total biomass and yield”
t0“Wheat-Soybean Rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage significantly increased soybean productivity.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- no-tillagee0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In soybean no-tillage significantly increased the productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling did not significantly increase soybean productivity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- subsoilinge0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In soybean no-tillage significantly increased the productivity, but subsoiling did not though distribution of the roots was modified by both practices”
t0“Wheat-Soybean Rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till soybean accumulated roots in surface soil.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- non-tillede0
- Outcome
- roots in the surface soil layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean in non-tilled accumulated roots in the surface soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling did not significantly modify soybean root distribution, especially deep soil roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- subsoilinge0
- Outcome
- root distributione0
- Direction
- did not significantly modifye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsoiling did not significantly modify the root distribution especially in the deep soil layer”
t0“Wheat-Soybean Rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling did not significantly change soybean water uptake or yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- subsoilinge0
- Outcome
- Water uptake trend and yielde0
- Direction
- not changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water uptake trend and yield was thus not changed significantly by subsoiling”
t0“Wheat-Soybean Rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling increased wheat rooting depth under no-tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Subsoilinge0
- Outcome
- rooting depthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsoiling in the non-tilled field increased rooting depth”
t0“Wheat-Soybean Rotation”
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