Abstract
The effects of dry, fresh, and no broccoli amendments on Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. Aliquots of 25 g of field soil naturally infested with V. dahliae microsclerotia (80 to 100 per gram of soil) were placed in plastic bottles to which dry (1% wvwt), fresh (8.7% wt/wt), or no broccoli treatments were randomly assigned. One randomly chosen set of each treatment was assigned to the above temperatures and incubated for 45 days. The soil was subsequently assayed for microsclerotia using the Anderson sampler technique. The experiment was repeated nine times. At all temperatures, both dry and fresh broccoli significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of microsclerotia in soil compared with the unamended soil. At ≤30°C, fresh broccoli had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater remissive effect than dry broccoli. At 35°C, however, the number of V. dahliae microsclerotia were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after 45 days in unamended soil; both fresh and dry broccoli almost completely eliminated the pathogen from soil. Temporal dynamics of the V. dahliae microsclerotia as affected by the treatments at the above temperatures were determined in nine experiments identical to the above by sampling and assaying soil three times at 15-day intervals. Regardless of the temperature, maximum reductions in the number of microsclerotia in treatments involving broccoli occurred within 15 days, with fresh broccoli providing significantly (P < 0.05) greater reductions. Further reductions in the number of microsclerotia were not significant in broccoli treatments at the subsequent sampling dates. In unamended soil, the number of microsclerotia at all temperatures except 35°C changed little throughout the experiment. The optimum temperatures for the broccoli-mediated reductions in V. dahliae microsclerotia in both experiments were 25 and 30°C. Four greenhouse experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of broccoli treatments in reducing wilt incidence in cauliflower. Consistently, cauliflower plants in the fresh broccoli treatment were taller, had greater root and shoot weights, were significantly more robust, and had the least number of infected plants (number of microsclerotia was lower) than in other treatments. The number of infected plants in the dry broccoli treatment was intermediate, similar to the number of microsclerotia. For maximal reductions in soilborne V. dahliae microsclerotia and the subsequent lower wilt incidence in cauliflower, the broccoli residue incorporation should occur when the temperatures are at least 20°C.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Dry and fresh broccoli significantly reduced V. dahliae microsclerotia in soil compared with unamended soil at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- both dry and fresh broccolie1
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Outcome
- number of microsclerotia in soile1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- At all temperaturese1
- Comparator
- unamended soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of dry, fresh, and no broccoli amendments on Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C”
e1“At all temperatures, both dry and fresh broccoli significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of microsclerotia in soil compared with the unamended soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh broccoli had a greater remissive effect on V. dahliae microsclerotia than dry broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- fresh broccolie2
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- remissive effecte2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- dry broccolie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of dry, fresh, and no broccoli amendments on Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C”
e2“fresh broccoli had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater remissive effect than dry broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
At 35°C, V. dahliae microsclerotia were reduced after 45 days in unamended soil.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- unamended soile3
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- number of V. dahliae microsclerotiae3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- after 45 dayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of dry, fresh, and no broccoli amendments on Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C”
e3“At 35°C, however, the number of V. dahliae microsclerotia were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after 45 days in unamended soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 35°C, both fresh and dry broccoli almost completely eliminated V. dahliae from soil.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae4
- Treatment
- both fresh and dry broccolie4
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- eliminated the pathogen from soile4
- Direction
- almost completely eliminatede4
- Comparator
- unamended soile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of dry, fresh, and no broccoli amendments on Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C”
e3“At 35°C, however, the number of V. dahliae microsclerotia were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after 45 days in unamended soil”
e4“both fresh and dry broccoli almost completely eliminated the pathogen from soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum reductions in microsclerotia from broccoli treatments occurred within 15 days regardless of temperature.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae5
- Treatment
- treatments involving broccolie5
- Outcome
- maximum reductions in the number of microsclerotiae5
- Qualifier
- within 15 dayse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Regardless of the temperature, maximum reductions in the number of microsclerotia in treatments involving broccoli occurred within 15 days, with fresh broccoli providing significantly (P < 0.05) greater reductions”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh broccoli gave greater microsclerotia reductions than dry broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae5
- Treatment
- fresh broccolie5
- Outcome
- reductionse5
- Direction
- greatere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Regardless of the temperature, maximum reductions in the number of microsclerotia in treatments involving broccoli occurred within 15 days, with fresh broccoli providing significantly (P < 0.05) greater reductions”
Claim · model-written summary
Further reductions in microsclerotia were not significant in broccoli treatments at later sampling dates.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae6
- Treatment
- broccoli treatmentse6
- Outcome
- Further reductions in the number of microsclerotiae6
- Qualifier
- at the subsequent sampling datese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Further reductions in the number of microsclerotia were not significant in broccoli treatments at the subsequent sampling dates”
Claim · model-written summary
In unamended soil, microsclerotia numbers changed little at all temperatures except 35°C.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- unamended soile7
- Outcome
- number of microsclerotiae7
- Qualifier
- at all temperatures except 35°Ce7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of dry, fresh, and no broccoli amendments on Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C”
e7“In unamended soil, the number of microsclerotia at all temperatures except 35°C changed little throughout the experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum temperatures for broccoli-mediated reductions of V. dahliae microsclerotia were 25 and 30°C.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae6
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee6pathogen
- Outcome
- broccoli-mediated reductions in V. dahliae microsclerotiae6
- Value
- 25 and 30°Ce6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The optimum temperatures for the broccoli-mediated reductions in V. dahliae microsclerotia in both experiments were 25 and 30°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Cauliflower plants in the fresh broccoli treatment were taller than in other treatments.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise7 - Treatment
- fresh broccoli treatmente7
- Outcome
- tallere7
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Comparator
- other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Consistently, cauliflower plants in the fresh broccoli treatment were taller, had greater root and shoot weights, were significantly more robust, and had the least number of infected plants (number of microsclerotia was lower) than in other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cauliflower in the fresh broccoli treatment had greater root and shoot weights than in other treatments.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise7
- Treatment
- fresh broccoli treatmente7
- Outcome
- root and shoot weightse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Consistently, cauliflower plants in the fresh broccoli treatment were taller, had greater root and shoot weights, were significantly more robust, and had the least number of infected plants (number of microsclerotia was lower) than in other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cauliflower in the fresh broccoli treatment was significantly more robust than in other treatments.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise7
- Treatment
- fresh broccoli treatmente7
- Outcome
- robuste7
- Direction
- higherinferrede7
- Comparator
- other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Consistently, cauliflower plants in the fresh broccoli treatment were taller, had greater root and shoot weights, were significantly more robust, and had the least number of infected plants (number of microsclerotia was lower) than in other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cauliflower in the fresh broccoli treatment had the least number of infected plants.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise7
- Treatment
- fresh broccoli treatmente7
- Outcome
- number of infected plantse7
- Direction
- leaste7
- Comparator
- other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Consistently, cauliflower plants in the fresh broccoli treatment were taller, had greater root and shoot weights, were significantly more robust, and had the least number of infected plants (number of microsclerotia was lower) than in other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The dry broccoli treatment gave an intermediate number of infected cauliflower plants.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise6
- Treatment
- dry broccoli treatmente7
- Outcome
- number of infected plantse7
- Qualifier
- intermediatee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Consistently, cauliflower plants in the fresh broccoli treatment were taller, had greater root and shoot weights, were significantly more robust, and had the least number of infected plants (number of microsclerotia was lower) than in other treatments”
e7“The number of infected plants in the dry broccoli treatment was intermediate, similar to the number of microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli residue should be incorporated when temperatures are at least 20°C to maximize reductions in V. dahliae microsclerotia and wilt in cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- broccoli residue incorporation should occur when the temperatures are at least 20°Ce0
- Qualifier
- For maximal reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For maximal reductions in soilborne V. dahliae microsclerotia and the subsequent lower wilt incidence in cauliflower, the broccoli residue incorporation should occur when the temperatures are at least 20°C”
The same questions in other papers
Brassica oleracea var. italica · disease · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Brassica oleracea var. italica · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Brassica oleracea var. italica · Verticillium dahliae · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.