Abstract
In December 1999, widespread dieback of eggplant (Solanum melongena L., hybrid Mission Bell), grafted onto the interspecific hybrid Beaufort (Lycopersicon esculentum × Lycopersicon hirsutum) and on tomato hybrid Energy, was observed during four rootstock evaluation trials in greenhouses in Sicily, Italy. Dark brown to black, firm but sometimes fissured lesions, 1 to 20 cm long, were observed just above the grafting point. Water-soaked, soft, dark green lesions that turned brown with age were observed on the upper stem. Extensive discoloration of vascular tissues and, in some cases, breakdown of the pith and stem hollowness occurred. Eggplant seedlings, present in the same experimental trials, did not show any symptoms. From symptomatic tissues, numerous bacterial colonies were obtained on nutrient dextrose agar. Bacteria from purified colonies were gram-negative, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic pectolitic on crystal violet pectate agar, which is nonfluorescent on King's B medium. On the basis of biochemical and physiological tests (1), seven of 10 isolates were identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Jones 1901) Hauben et al. 1999, comb. nov. (2), and the remaining three were identified as P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum (van Hall 1902) Hauben et al. 1999, comb. nov. (2). Four days after prick inoculation of the stems of eggplant and tomato plants, all isolates caused extensive collapse of stems and internal brown discoloration and hollowness, respectively. In a second pathogenicity test, basil leaves of grafted eggplants and eggplant seedlings were either removed or left intact. These plants were then sprayed with bacterial suspensions (10 8 CFU/ml) of one isolate of each pathogen. Plants were held at 100% relative humidity or in a low-moisture incubator. After 6 days incubation, stem lesions and vascular discoloration, typical of symptoms observed in greenhouses, were observed on plants held at 100% relative humidity. No symptoms were observed in unwounded plants or plants maintained in low relative humidity. Similar symptoms on grafted eggplant have been attributed to physiological disorders (3). To our knowledge, only P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum has been reported on eggplant as causing fruit rot. References: (1) N. W. Schaad, ed. 1988. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 2nd ed. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) L. Hauben et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41:582, 1999. (3) G. Ginoux and H. Laterrot. Rev. Horticole (Paris) 321:49, 1991.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Widespread dieback occurred in grafted eggplant in Sicily greenhouses.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Material
- hybrid Mission Belle0
- Outcome
- widespread diebacke0
- Qualifier
- grafted onto the interspecific hybrid Beaufort (Lycopersicon esculentum × Lycopersicon hirsutum) and on tomato hybrid Energye0
- Setting
- greenhouses in Sicily, Italye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“widespread dieback of eggplant (Solanum melongena L., hybrid Mission Bell), grafted onto the interspecific hybrid Beaufort (Lycopersicon esculentum × Lycopersicon hirsutum) and on tomato hybrid Energy, was observed during four rootstock evaluation trials in greenhouses in Sicily, Italy.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted eggplant showed dark lesions just above the graft point, 1 to 20 cm long.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- just above the grafting pointe0
- Outcome
- Dark brown to black, firm but sometimes fissured lesionse0
- Value
- 1 to 20 cm longe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dark brown to black, firm but sometimes fissured lesions, 1 to 20 cm long, were observed just above the grafting point.”
e1“dieback of eggplant (Solanum melongena L., hybrid Mission Bell)”
Claim · model-written summary
Upper stems showed water-soaked lesions that turned brown with age.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- upper steme0
- Outcome
- Water-soaked, soft, dark green lesions that turned brown with agee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water-soaked, soft, dark green lesions that turned brown with age were observed on the upper stem.”
e1“dieback of eggplant (Solanum melongena L., hybrid Mission Bell)”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected stems showed vascular discoloration, pith breakdown and hollowness in some cases.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Organ / stage
- vascular tissuese0
- Outcome
- discoloration of vascular tissues and, in some cases, breakdown of the pith and stem hollownesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extensive discoloration of vascular tissues and, in some cases, breakdown of the pith and stem hollowness occurred.”
e1“dieback of eggplant (Solanum melongena L., hybrid Mission Bell)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eggplant seedlings in the same trials showed no symptoms.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Outcome
- did not show any symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eggplant seedlings, present in the same experimental trials, did not show any symptoms.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven of ten bacterial isolates were identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.
- Taxon
- Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorume0 - Outcome
- isolates were identifiede0
- Value
- seven of 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seven of 10 isolates were identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum”
Claim · model-written summary
The remaining three isolates were identified as P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum.
- Taxon
- P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum
Pectobacterium atrosepticume0 - Outcome
- identifiede0
- Value
- threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the remaining three were identified as P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates caused extensive stem collapse in inoculated eggplant within four days.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- prick inoculatione0
- Interactor
- all isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- extensive collapse of stemse0
- Value
- Four dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four days after prick inoculation of the stems of eggplant and tomato plants, all isolates caused extensive collapse of stems and internal brown discoloration and hollowness, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates caused internal brown discoloration and hollowness in inoculated tomato stems within four days.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- prick inoculatione0
- Interactor
- all isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- internal brown discoloration and hollownesse0
- Value
- Four dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four days after prick inoculation of the stems of eggplant and tomato plants, all isolates caused extensive collapse of stems and internal brown discoloration and hollowness, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed eggplants held at 100% relative humidity developed stem lesions and vascular discoloration after six days.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- sprayed with bacterial suspensions (10 8 CFU/ml)e1
- Interactor
- each pathogene1pathogen
- Outcome
- stem lesions and vascular discoloratione0
- Value
- 6 dayse0
- Qualifier
- 100% relative humiditye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 6 days incubation, stem lesions and vascular discoloration, typical of symptoms observed in greenhouses, were observed on plants held at 100% relative humidity.”
e1“grafted eggplants and eggplant seedlings were either removed or left intact. These plants were then sprayed with bacterial suspensions (10 8 CFU/ml) of one isolate of each pathogen.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unwounded plants showed no symptoms after the spray test.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Outcome
- No symptomse0
- Qualifier
- unwounded plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No symptoms were observed in unwounded plants”
e1“grafted eggplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants at low relative humidity showed no symptoms after the spray test.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae1
- Outcome
- No symptomse0
- Qualifier
- low relative humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No symptoms were observed in unwounded plants or plants maintained in low relative humidity.”
e1“grafted eggplants”
The same questions in other papers
application · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.